Lady Victoria Eclectic Pagan's blog: "Herbal Information"

Tongue of Dog? Blood of Goose? Do you really think witches cut of tongues off dogs? Or take blood from geese? Ummm...NO! They were just pseudonym names for the herbs to keep them secret. Here are some old time names for herbs: A A Bone of an Ibis: Buckthorn Adder's Tongue: Dogstooth Violet; Plantain A Titan's Blood: Wild Lettuce A Lion's Hairs: Tongue of a Turnip [i.e., the leaves of the taproot] A Man's Bile: Turnip Sap A Pig's Tail: Leopard's Bane A Hawk's Heart: Heart of Wormwood An Eagle: Wild Garlic Ass's Foot or Bull's Foot: Coltsfoot B Bat's Wing: Holly Leaf Bat's Wool: Moss Bear's Foot: Lady's Mantle Bird's Eye: Germander Speedwell Blood: Elder sap or another tree sap Blood from a Head: Lupine Blood from a Shoulder: Bear's Breeches Blood of Ares: Purslane Blood of a Goose: Mulberry tree's sap Blood of a Hamadryas Baboon: Blood of a spotted gecko Blood of Hephaistos: Wormwood Blood of Hestia: Chamomile Blood of a Snake: Hematite Blood of an Eye: Tamarisk Gall Bloody Fingers: Foxglove Blue Jay: Bay laurel Bone of an Ibis: Buckthorn Brains: Cherry tree gum [this phrase usually designates any fruit tree gum] Bread and Cheese Tree: Hawthorne Bull's Blood or Seed of Horus: Horehound Bull's Foot: Coltsfoot Bull's Semen: Eggs of the blister beetle Burning Bush: White Dittany C Calf's Snout: Snapdragon Candlemas Maiden: Snowdrop Candlewick Plant: Mullein Capon's Tail: Valerian Cat: Catnip Cat's Foot: Canada Snake Root and/or Ground Ivy Clot: Great Mullein Corpse Candles: Mullein Cuddy's Lungs: Great Mullein Crocodile Dung: Ethiopian Earth Crow Foot: Cranesbill, wild geranium, buttercup Crown for a King: Wormwood D Dew of the Sea: Rosemary Devil's Dung: Asafoetida Dog: Couchgrass Dog's Mouth: Snapdragon Dog's Tongue: Hounds Tongue Dove's Foot: Wild Geranium Dragon's Blood: Resin of Draco palm Dragon's Scales: Bistort leaves Dragon Wort: Bistort E Eagle: Wild Garlic of Fenugreek Ear of an Ass: Comfrey Ears of a Goat: St. John's Wort Earth Smoke: Fumitory Elf's Wort / Elfwort: Elecampane Enchanter's Plant: Vervain Englishman's Foot: Common Plantain Erba Santa Maria: Spearmint Everlasting Friendship: Goosegrass Eye of Christ: Germander, speedwell Eye of the Day: Common daisy Eye of the Star: Horehound Eye Root: Goldenseal Eyes: Inner part of a blossom; Aster, Daisy, Eyebright F Fairy Smoke: Indian Pipe Fat from a Head: Spurge Felon Herb: Mugwort Fingers: Cinquefoil Foot: Leaf Frog: Cinquefoil Frog's Foot: Bulbous buttercup From the Belly: Earth-apple From the Foot: Houseleek From the Loins: Chamomile G Goat's Foot: Ash Weed God's Hair: Hart's Tongue Fern Gosling Wing: Goosegrass Graveyard Dust: Mullein Great Ox-eye: Ox-eye daisy Guts: The roots and stalk of a plant H Hair: Dried stringy herbs; The unexpanded frond from a ripe male fern Hair of a Hamadryas Baboon: Dill Seed Hair of Venus: Maidenhair fern Hare's Beard: Great mullein Hawk: Hawkweed Hawk's Heart: Wormwood seed or wormwood crown Head: Flower of a plant Heart: Walnut; bud, seed, or nut Hind's Tongue: Hart's Tongue Fern Horse Hoof: Coltsfoot Horse Tongue: Hart's Tongue Fern J Jacob's Staff: Great Mullein Joy of the Mountain - Marjoram Jupiter's Staff: Great Mullein K King's Crown: Black Haw Kronos' Blood: Cedar L Lad's Love - Southernwood Lamb: Lettuce Lamb's Ears: Betony Leg: Leaf Lion's Hair: Tongue of a Turnip [i.e., the leaves of the taproot] Lion's Tooth: Dandelion aka Priest's Crown Lion Semen: Human Semen Little Dragon: Tarragon Lizard: Calamint Love Man: Goosegrass Love Parsley: Lovage Love Root: Orris Root Love in Idleness: Pansy M Man's Bile: Turnip sap Man's Health: Ginseng Maiden's Ruin: Southernwood Master of the Woods: Woodruff Masterwort: Angelica May: Black Haw May Lily: Lily of the Valley May Rose: Black Haw Maypops: Passion Flower Mistress of the Night: Tuberose Mutton Chops: Goosegrass N Nightingale: Hops Nose Bleed: Yarrow O Old-Maid's-Nightcap: Wild Geranium Old Man's Flannel: Great Mullein Old Man's Pepper: Yarrow Oliver: Olive P Password: Primrose Paw: Leaf Physician's Bone: Sandstone Pig's Tail: Leopard's Bane Privates: Seed Q Queen of Meadow: Meadowsweet R Ram's Head: American Valerian Rat: Valerian Red Cockscomb: Amaranth S Seed of Horus: Horehound Semen of Ammon: Houseleek Semen of Ares: Clover Semen of Helios: White Hellebore Semen of Hephaistos: Fleabane Semen of Herakles: Mustard-rocket Semen of Hermes: Dill Seven Year' Love: Yarrow Shepherd's Heart: Shepherd's Purse Skin of Man: Fern Skull: Skullcap Mushroom Sleepwort: Lettuce Snake: Bistort Snake's Ball of Thread: Soapstone Snake's Head: Leech Sorcerer's Violet: Periwinkle Sparrow's Tongue: Knotweed Star of the Earth: Avens Starflower: Borage Starweed: Chickweed Starwort: Aster Swine's Snout: Dandelion leaves T Tail: Stem Tears of a Hamadryas Baboon: Dill Juice Teeth: Pine Cones Thousand Seal: Yarrow Thunder Plant: Houseleek Titan's Blood: Wild Lettuce Toad: Toadflax; Sage Toe: Leaf Tongue: Petal Torches: Great Mullein Tongue of dog: houndstongue Tears of a Hamadryas Baboon: Dill Juice U Unicorn Horn: True Unicorn Root Unicorn's Horn: False Unicorn Root Helonias Dioica Unicorn Root: Ague Root Urine: Dandelion W Wax Dolls: Fumitory Weasel: Rue Weasel Snout: Yellow Dead Nettles/Yellow Archangel Weed: Ox-Eye Daisy White Man's Foot: Common Plantain White Wood: White Cinnamon Wing: Leaf Witch's Asprin: White Willow/Willow Bark Witches Bells: Foxglove Witch's Brier: Brier Hips Witchgass: Dog Grass Witch Herb: Mugwort Witchwood: Rowan Wolf Claw: Club Moss Wolf Foot: Bugle Weed Wolf's Milk: Euphorbia Woodpecker: Peony Worms: Thin Roots Body Parts The Eye: Inner part of a blossom The Paw Foot Leg Wing or Toe: The leaf The Guts: The roots and stalk The Privates: Seed The Hair: Dried stringy herbs The Tail: Stem The Head: Flower The Tongue: Petal The Heart: A Bud or Seed

Aloe Technical Name: (Aloe vera) Gel extracted from the inside of aloe leaves Used for: Topical treatment of sunburn, first and second degree burns, skin irritation or inflammation, mosquito bites, rashes from poisonous plants, constipation and colic. Available In: Whole, living plants, commercial gels and lotions. Herb Drug: Choose lotions with the highest percentage of aloe gel. Interaction: Topical use can trigger rare allergic reactions; may delay surgical wound healing. Burns with significant blistering should be evaluated by trained medical personnel. When Buying: None known Dosage and Warning: Cut open aloe leaf and apply gel generously as needed. For internal use of aloe gel, 30 ml three times a day. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Arnica Technical Name: (Arnica montana) A daisy-like mountain flower. Used for: Bruises, sprains, soreness and swelling/muscle spasms from sports activity; arthritis set off by seasonal change; general muscle and joint pain. Available In: Tincture, homeopathic ointment, cream, salve and pills Herb Drug: Some people are sensitive to the compound helenalin found in arnica. If you develop a mild rash, then you are probably helenalin-sensitive and should stop using arnica. Interaction: Arnica is toxic if it gets inside the body. Never apply arnica in any form on broken skin or on an open wound. Never take arnica internally unless it's in the form of homeopathic pills that contain too little arnica to cause harm. When Buying: Look for pure arnica extract, homeopathic pills with 30x dilution, or topical applications. Dosage and Warning: External ointments and tinctures: Rub or massage arnica tincture freely onto injured area, only if skin isn't broken. Arnica compresses: Mix 1 tablespoon of arnica tincture in 1 pint of purified water. Dip a gauze pad in the mixture, then put it on the arthritic joint or bruised area. Homeopathic arnica pills: Pour 4 pills into the cap of the bottle, them toss them into your mouth, under the tongue. (Never handle homeopathic pills, in order to preserve their energetic qualities.) The pills can be taken every two hours for the first 24 hours after the injury, but not within a half-hour of eating. Use the 30x dilution as a first aid treatment for minor injury and prior to dental work to reduce bruising. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Astragalus Technical Name: (Astragalus membranaceous) Root of a plant native to China. Used for: Chronic or recurrent infections (especially respiratory infections); low resistance to disease, colds and flu (both prevention and treatment); physical effects of stress; lack of vitality; debilitation after sickness or surgery, adjunct treatment for cancer. It boosts the immune system and has antiviral activity. Available In: Tincture, capsule and tablets, whole dried slices of root (can be added to soups). Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Look for astragalus products standardized to 16% polysaccharides. Dosage and Warning: A usual dose is 2 capsules or tablets twice a day, unless the product directs otherwise. A good combination product for immune enhancement is Astra-8, a mix of astragalus with seven other Chinese herbs. The dose is 3 tablets twice a day. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Black-Currant Oil Technical Name: (Ribes nigrum) Oil pressed from black currant seeds. Used for: Auto-immune disorders including lupus, eczema, psoriasis, other skin problems; hair problems (dry, brittle, thinning, splitting); nail problems (weak, brittle); Premenstrual Syndrome; inflammatory disorders. Available In: Gel caps Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Black-currant oil is a source of gamma-linoleic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid. Capsules should contain at least 45 mg of GLA. Avoid topical oil preparations. Dosage and Warning: 500 mg twice a day. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Bromelain Technical Name: Enzyme extracted from the fruit of the pineapple plant. Used for: Swelling, pain and bruising after injury, persistent hematoma, bunions, bursitis, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, gout, sinusitis. Available In: Capsules Herb Drug: Unknown Interaction: Can cause an allergic rash in susceptible individuals; discontinue use if you develop hives, rash or itching. When Buying: For convenience, look for 250 mg pills. Dosage and Warning: 200-400 mg three times a day on an empty stomach (at least 90 minutes BEFORE or three hours after eating). Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Calendula Technical Name: (Calendula officinalis) Petals of the ornamental "pot marigold" flower. Used for: Skin irritations, rashes (including diaper rash), eczema, chapped skin or lips, acne, minor burns. Available In: Tinctures, oil, lotions, creams Herb Drug: None known Interaction: No known interactions When Buying: Look for products with at least 10% extract of Calendula officinalis. Dosage and Warning: For a gentle, effective remedy, try washing the skin with a diluted solution of tincture. Apply ready-to-use calendula skin products or oil directly on irritated areas. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Cordyceps Technical Name: (Cordyceps sinensis) Chinese fungus traditionally grown on the bodies of caterpillars, but now cultivated on special media. Used for: Enhancing athletic performance by strengthening the lungs; overcoming general weakness and fatigue; tonic for physical stamina, mental energy, sexual vigor, longevity. Available In: Tincture, liquid extracts, powder Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Purchase liquid or powdered extract not grown on caterpillars. Cordyceps products manufactured by Fungi Perfecti are highly recommended. Dosage and Warning: For general weakness, athletic or sexual enhancement, take 1-2 capsules once a day, or follow dosage advice on product; for health maintenance, take 1 capsule once or twice per week. Child Dosage: Not recommended for children. Echinacea Technical Name: (Echinacea purpurea) Dried root and leaves of the purple coneflower. Used for: Helps address the symptoms of the common cold, flu, sore throat and other common infections. And helps episodes of low resistance to sickness; it enhances the immune system. Available In: Tincture, capsule, tablet and extract form. Herb Drug: No known interactions. Interaction: For best efficacy, Echinacea should not be used continuously for more than 10 days. Persons with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or multiple sclerosis should use Echinacea with caution, and for the shortest period possible when they have colds or flu. Allergic reactions are infrequent. When Buying: Look for combination Echinacea products (containing both angustifolia and purpurea species) standardized to 4 percent echinacosides. Also, Echinacea root produces a distinctive numbing sensation when held in the mouth for a few minutes. Always test Echinacea products by putting a bit on the tongue; return any that fail to cause numbness. Dosage and Warning: Adults: One dropperful of tincture in water four times a day, or two capsules of freeze-dried extract four times a day. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Eucalyptus Technical Name: (Eucalyptus globulus) Dried leaves of eucalyptus trees. Used for: Respiratory problems including chest congestion, bronchitis, bronchial cough and sinusitis, sore throat and laryngitis; it is a natural antibacterial agent. Available In: Whole fresh and dried leaves, essential oils, salves and rubs. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: For topical use only. Do not get in eyes or nasal passages. When Buying: Choose oils containing 100% pure eucalyptus or at least 55% eucalyptol. Dosage and Warning: A small handful of whole leaves or a teaspoon of the essential oils in boiling water for twice-daily steam inhalations. Apply rubs as needed to chest and throat or cautiously around nostrils to ease congestion. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Fennel Technical Name: (Foeniculum vulgare) Seeds, leaves, roots of the fennel plant. Used for: Flatulence Available In: Plain seeds, sugar coated seeds, extract, oil, capsules. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Look for a strong aroma from seeds or a freshness date on other forms. Dosage and Warning: Chew one-half to one teaspoon of fennel seeds after eating or whenever distended from gas or as recommended by product label. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Garlic Technical Name: (Allium sativum) Fresh or dried pieces of the garlic bulb. Used for: Common cold, sore throat, ear infections in children, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, fungal or yeast infections, chronic or recurrent infections, low resistance to infection; it is a natural antibiotic and antiviral agent. Available In: Raw cloves, dehydrated powder, oil, extract in tablets or capsules, tinctures. Herb Drug: Garlic thins blood, so large amounts should not be taken if using coumadin or other blood-thinning agents. Regular use of garlic should be avoided prior to surgery. Interaction: Remember: A clove of garlic is one segment of the head (not the entire bulb). When Buying: Buy fresh, raw garlic. Chopping or mashing garlic releases the herb's full potential as the active component, allicin, forms only on contact with air. Commercial garlic capsules do not preserve the full activity of the fresh bulb and are consequently less effective. To make garlic oil, crush a few cloves into some olive oil. Let the oil sit a few days at room temperature, and then strain. Keep the oil in a container in the refrigerator and warm a bit as needed. If you use powders, tinctures or other commercial garlic products, choose those standardized for allicin content. Dosage and Warning: Take two cloves of raw garlic at the first sign of a cold. Mash them or chop finely and mix with food, or cut cloves into chunks and swallow them whole like pills (if you don't chew, the garlic won't stay on your breath); two cloves per day for chronic or recurrent yeast infections or low resistance to infection. Child Dosage: Raw garlic is too strong. Use garlic pills instead. For ear infections, a few drops of warm garlic oil in the ear canal. Ginger Technical Name: (Zingiber officinale) Fresh or dried pieces of the underground stem of the ginger plant. Used for: Arthritis, bursitis; motion sickness, nausea; relief of chest congestion; it is a natural anti-inflammatory agent. Available In: Whole fresh root, crystallized ginger, honey-based ginger syrups, capsules containing powdered ginger extracts, alcohol extracts. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: High doses may cause a burning sensation in the stomach; to minimize, take ginger with food. Use no more than 1,000 mg per day during pregnancy. Acts as a blood thinner, so curb use at least two weeks before surgery. Those undergoing chemotherapy should consult their doctor if using ginger at medicinal levels. When Buying: Select products with only 100% pure ginger. Experiment with Zinaxin, a new ginger-based anti-inflammatory. Products containing ginger made by New Chapter are highly recommended. Dosage and Warning: For inflammatory conditions, 1 or 2 g of powdered ginger a day. For nausea and prevention of motion sickness, take 1,000 mg as a preventive and 500 mg every four hours as needed, or eat two pieces of crystallized ginger or take ginger syrup or tea. For cold relief, brew tea with one-inch piece of peeled and grated ginger root per two cups of water; bring to a boil, lower heat and simmer for five minutes; add 1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper and simmer one minute more. Remove from heat. Add two tablespoons fresh lemon juice, one or two cloves of mashed garlic and honey to taste. Let cool slightly and strain. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Ginkgo Technical Name: (Ginkgo biloba) From dried leaves of the ginkgo tree. Used for: Insufficient blood flow, low circulation, mental fuzziness, symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, memory loss, vertigo, tinnitus or ringing in ears. Available In: Tincture and capsules. Herb Drug: May have an additive anticoagulant effect when taken at the same time as aspirin, coumadin or other blood-thinning drugs or supplements. Interaction: Ginkgo biloba extracts are considered to be safe and free of side effects. Consistent large doses may lead to diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, which can be remedied by decreasing the amount consumed. When Buying: Look for ginkgo products with 24.0% standardization of ginkgolides. (Could also be listed as ginkgo flavonoids or flavone glycosides). Dosage and Warning: Take 120 milligrams a day in divided doses with food. Give it a two-month trial. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Licorice Technical Name: (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Dried roots, whole extracts and "deglycyrrhizinated" extracts. Used for: Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) for chronic indigestion, heartburn, stomach ulcers, canker sores; whole licorice extract for menstrual and menopausal disorders and inflammatory disorders; topical whole licorice for herpes, eczema, psoriasis. Available In: Whole licorice as roots, extracts, and topical preparations; DGL as chewable tablets, wafers, capsules, tea and powder. Herb Drug: Licorice products that still contain the glcyrrhizing and whole licorice taken orally may increase the effects of corticosteroids, cause sodium and water retention and increase blood pressure, increase the effect of digitalis preparations, alter the effect of estrogens/progesterone and decrease the effect of anti-hypertensives. No known interactions with DGL. Interaction: Avoid whole licorice or licorice root if you have high blood pressure, kidney or liver disease, diabetes or heart disease, if you're using diuretics, and during pregnancy. No side effects for DGL. Do not take licorice root for longer than six weeks. When Buying: 6-10% glycyrrhizin. DGL products should have no glycyrrhizin. Dosage and Warning: Follow dosage instructions accompanying whole licorice products. If using DGL extract, take two tablets chewed slowly before or between meals or one half teaspoon of the powder at the same times. DGL powder can be made into a paste or mouthwash (swish in mouth for three minutes and spit) to treat mouth ulcers. Child Dosage: Half the adult dosage for both whole and DGL forms. Mullein Technical Name: (Verbascum thapsus) Flowers and leaves of the mullein plant Used for: Relieves dry, bronchial coughs, helps with chest congestion and ear infections. Available In: Tincture, oil, powder, lozenges, capsule, leaf form, extract Herb Drug: None known Interaction: Mullein seeds are toxic, and while there have been no reported problems with mullein preparations, pregnant women should use any herbal product with caution. When Buying: Select products of pure 100% mullein. Dosage and Warning: For congestion and dry cough, a dropperful of tincture in a little warm water every four hours; for ear infections, a few drops of mullein oil, slightly warmed, directly in the ear. Child Dosage: Do not give mullein to young children for coughs; use a few drops of oil in the ear for ear infections. Passion Flower Technical Name: (Passiflora incarnata) Dried aerial parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of the plant. Used for: Stress reduction, anxiety, calming without sedation, insomnia (when combined with other sedative herbs). Available In: Tinctures, extracts Herb Drug: None known, but use precaution when taking MAO-inhibiting anti-depressant drugs. Interaction: Do not take when pregnant. Active compounds may be uterine stimulants. When Buying: Choose standardized whole plant extracts or capsules containing no less than 0.8% flavonoids or isovitexin. Dosage and Warning: One dropperful of the tincture in a little warm water, or two capsules of extract, up to four times a day as needed. Child Dosage: Use half the adult dose for children under 10. Peppermint Technical Name: (Mentha piperita) Dried leaves of the peppermint plant. Used for: Chest rub to ease breathing with common cold, relief of heartburn, indigestion, nausea, treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis and other chronic intestinal ailments. Available In: Teas, enteric-coated capsules of oil, essential oils, creams, rubs. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: Never ingest undiluted peppermint oil. Peppermint tea can worsen (gastro) esophageal reflux syndrome (GERD). May also promote flow of bile from the gall bladder and complicate gallstones - consult a doctor. When Buying: Chose peppermint oil containing at least 44% free menthol, or teas with 100% pure peppermint leaves. Dosage and Warning: One to two capsules of enteric coated oil between meals for heartburn, chest-rub formulations as needed to make breathing easier with the common cold. Child Dosage: Don't give peppermint tea to babies or young children. The menthol it contains can cause a choking sensation in youngsters of this age. Quercetin Technical Name: Bioflavonoid from buckwheat and citrus fruits. Used for: Hay fever, hives, allergies (when taken regularly for at least 6 to 8 weeks), itching (stabilizes cells that produce histamine). Available In: Tablets, powder Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Look for 500 mg coated tablets, avoid the powder. Source Natural's brand "Activated Quercetin" is a good choice. Dosage and Warning: Quercetin is fine for nursing women, but is not recommended for pregnant women. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Raspberry Technical Name: (Rubus idaeus) Leaves of the raspberry plant. Used for: Menstrual cramps, morning sickness, motion sickness, diarrhea. Available In: Dried leaves (tea), capsules, tincture. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: Experts disagree on the safety of use during pregnancy. Consult your doctor or avoid altogether if pregnant. When Buying: Products should contain pure leaves, as freshly dried as possible. Make your own tea by picking leaves off brambles, hanging them to dry and soaking in boiling water. Dosage and Warning: Two capsules two to three times daily at mealtimes; as a tea, up to six cups a day for acute problems as needed. Child Dosage: Same as adult dose. Siberian Ginseng Technical Name: (Eleutherococcus senticosus) Woody roots of the Siberian or spiny ginseng plant. Used for: Lethargy, fatigue, low stamina. It increases endurance and resilience to environmental stresses. Available In: Tincture or capsules Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Look for Siberian ginseng products with .08% standardization of eleutherosides. Most Siberian ginseng products vary in concentration and potency, so pay extra attention to the label instructions. Dosage and Warning: Two capsules or 1 dropperful of tincture twice a day unless the product directs otherwise. Child Dosage: Half the adult dose. Slippery Elm Technical Name: (Ulmus rubra) Inner bark of the red elm tree. Used for: Sore throat, cough, intestinal irritation (irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, Crohn's); used as a poultice for burns, boils, uncomplicated wounds, inflamed skin; soohtes irritation of the esophagus due to chemotherapy. Available In: Lozenges, powder, capsules, extracts. Herb Drug: None known. Interaction: None. When Buying: Look for products containing 100% slippery elm. Dosage and Warning: Lozenges as needed for sore throat; one teaspoon of powder mixed with one teaspoon of sugar and two cups of boiling water for bowel discomfort. Take once or twice a day. For a poultice, mix powder with water. Child Dosage: Use powder to make gruel for infants; other uses the same as above. Stinging Nettle Plant Technical Name: (Urtica dioica) Leaves or root of the stinging nettle bush. Used for: Hayfever and other allergies. Available In: Freeze-dried in capsules, and cut and dried for infusion (tea). Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None known When Buying: Look for freeze-dried extract of the leaves, sold in capsules. Dosage and Warning: One to two capsules every two to four hours as needed. Child Dosage: No more than one capsule per day. St. John's Wort Technical Name: (Hypericum perforatum) Leaves and flowering tops of the plant. Used for: Seasonal affective disorder ("winter blues"), mild to moderate depression, nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, skin irritation, including herpes simplex. Available In: Tablets, capsules, tinctures, fluid extract, powdered extract, oil. Herb Drug: St. John's Wort probably acts in the nervous system as an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), but unlike other SSRIs such as Prozac and Zoloft, it affects additional neurotransmitters as well. Therefore, when taken with SSRIs or other mood-altering drugs, it may cause causing serotonin syndrome (overload). St. John's wort should not simply be added to an existing pharmaceutical regimen, especially if taking other anti-depressants. Women using birth control pills. Those taking Inadivir for HIV or those taking cyclosporine should avoid St. John's wort. In addition, patients being treated with anti-arrythmics such as Digoxin (Lanoxin) or taking blood-thinning medications such as Coumadin should not use St. John's Wort. Interaction: High intake may cause photosensitivity; take precautions with sun exposure. Takes two months for antidepressant effect to be noticeable. Acts as a blood thinner. May interfere with metabolism of certain medications. When Buying: Look for standardized products. Dosage and Warning: 300 milligrams three times a day. For topical use on irritated skin, apply the oil directly several times a day. Child Dosage: Half the adult dosage. Not to be combined with other mood drugs or antidepressants. Topical applications same as adult. Tea Tree Oil Technical Name: (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil from the leaves of the Australian tea tree. Used for: Fungal infections of the skin (athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch); acne; localized infections and sores on mucous membranes (canker sores, boils, abscesses); yeast infections, bee stings, lice. It's a great germicidal and antibacterial agent. Available In: Pure essential oil and many formulations (toothpaste, mouthwash, etc.) Herb Drug: None known Interaction: Rare hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Apply only a small amount when first using tea tree oil. Discontinue use if irritation appears. The oil may burn if it comes in contact with the eyes, nose or mouth. The oil should not be applied to non-fungal rashes or to broken skin. Do not take the oil internally. When Buying: Look for pure 100% tea tree oil. Dosage and Warning: Use a 10% solution, 1 1/2 tablespoons tea tree oil to 1 cup of water, to rinse and clean infected wounds, as a sore throat gargle. Child Dosage: Same as adults. Triphala Technical Name: An Ayurvedic Indian herbal mixture of three fruits. Used for: Constipation, poor bowel tone. Available In: Capsules Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None known, but if you're taking medication and triphala, take them at different times of the day. When Buying: Take only capsules. Avoid the powdered form. Two Indian brands, Dabur and Hammdar, are recommended by Indian practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine. Dosage and Warning: As product directs. Best used regularly to improve bowel tone. Take seperately from other other medications. Child Dosage: Same as adult dose. Turmeric Technical Name: (Curcuma longa) Rhizome related to ginger. Used for: Arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis; it acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Available In: As culinary spice, in powdered form; as medicinal extract, in tablets or capsules. Labeled as standardized turmeric extract or curcumin. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: In rare instances, daily use over extended period of time can cause stomach upset and/or heartburn; do not use if you have gallstones or a bile duct dysfunction; if pregnant, do not use without your doctor's approval. When Buying: Look for products standardized for 95% curcuminoids. Products made by New Chapter containing curcumin are highly recommended. For cooking, brightly colored and aromatic powder is best. Dosage and Warning: 400 to 600 mg of extracts (tablets or capsules) three times per day or as directed on product. Dried spice is not effective for treating conditions. Child Dosage: Do not give to young children. Valerian Technical Name: (Valeriana officinalis) Root of the valerian plant. Used for: Insomnia (it's a safe sleeping aid); anxiety. Available In: Tincture, extract, tablets. Herb Drug: Valerian interacts with alcohol, some antihistamines, muscle relaxants, psychotropic drugs and narcotics. When taking any of these drugs, you should use valerian only under the supervision of a health-care provider. May increase sedative effects of anesthesia and should be discontinued at least a week prior to having surgery. Interaction: Valerian is relatively safe and no significant side effects are known, but try not to use it on a regular basis, or you may become psychologically dependent upon it. People with impaired kidney or liver functions should not take valerian except under a physician's supervision. It should not be used with kava. Use on a short-term basis only. When Buying: Look for valerian products standardized to 1% valerenic acid. Dosage and Warning: Adults: Use 1 teaspoon of the tincture in a quarter cup of water, or 1 or 2 tablets, at bedtime. Child Dosage: One dropperful at bedtime in a quarter cup of water. Witch Hazel Technical Name: (Hamamelis virginiana) Distillation of leaves, bark and twigs. Used for: Insect stings; sun and wind burn; poison ivy blisters; disinfectant of minor cuts and abrasions; skin care, cleansing, toning and refreshing; muscle soreness; hemorrhoids and anal irritation. Available In: Liquid distillation of leaves, twigs, bark. Herb Drug: None known Interaction: None When Buying: Available at any drug store. Dosage and Warning: Adults: Apply topically as needed. Child Dosage: Same as adults.

Historically, plants have been the primary source of medicine for people of every culture. Healing plants were mentioned in the Bible, and in other historical literature. Plants that were used as medicines were referred to as "herbs" over 4000 years ago by European and the Mediterranean cultures, hence the word "herb", being a derivation of "herbe" and the Latin word, "herba". Although, the term "herb" once only applied to non-woody plants. Today, "herb" refers to any part of any plant used for flavoring or medicine. Although the term "herb" can also be equated with food spices, it is generally used in reference to any plant, or any part of a plant, having nutritional and / or medicinal value(s). Additionally, an "herb" may be a fruit, a bark, a flower, a leaf, or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Many different herbal medicine systems are used today including European, Native American, Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Western herbalism. Despite differences in terminology and in the herbs used, there is a common thread that joins these systems: all of these systems treat the body as a 'whole', and they each utilize the energy of plants to 'work as needed' in synergy with the natural energy in each individual. Because there are many different herbal systems, there are also many different ways of classifying herbs. Some systems being used over the years tend to classify herbs by 'plant part'; by humoral theories; by botanical family; by colour or by morphology. A simple method is to identify five (5) major herbal categories: Aromatic (volatile oils) Astringent (tannins) Bitter (phenol compounds, saponins and alkaloids) Mucilaginous (polysaccharides) Nutritive (food stuffs) This classification system makes it easy to identify herbs using 'taste' and 'smell', and becomes useful when substitute one herb for another. Herbs are considered the "best" when they are grown in the wild, untouched by industrial pollutants. Others prefer to harvest herbs that are cultivated indoors, away from all contaminants, in a controlled environment. Some herbalist's recommend gathering only certain herbs (depending on the seasons, the weather, and the time of day) to achieve the highest level of medicinal qualities. And still others may disregard this practice, and will purposefully plant herbs 'out of season' so that they will be available for sale year round. Many believe that the energy with which the herbs are gathered is also very important, and should always be done with great spiritual awareness and prayerful thankfulness. And others feel that herbs should be handled with reverence and respect. In addition to growth and gathering techniques, harvesting practices vary as well. Recommendations may include taking the whole plant at once (buds, roots, seeds, leaves and blooms), or taking each part of the plant in a particular order, and only using younger, or older, plants. There are also several ways to dispense herbs. The most common methods are herbal pastes, juices, decoctions, hot or cold infusions, powders, pills (tablets, capsules), aromatics, tinctures or extracts (alcohol or glycerol bases), liniments, syrups, poultices and fomentation’s, medicated oils, salves and ointments, lotions, teas, and whole herbs. Each type is good for specific ailments, and often may be used together (i.e. internally and externally for an external wound) to take full advantage of the healing attributes of each. All these choices, like others, should be integrated with both your personal external needs and your internal ideals for the best possible results. An experienced herbalist can help you decide which system is right for you. Please be aware that herbs are foods. And like any other food, herbs should be taken in moderation. Always follow the manufacturer's directions for use.

WHAT ABOUT HERBALISM AND SPIRITUALITY? Upon examination of the ancient belief systems of the Chinese, Indian, and Native Americans, a mutual earth centered religion is evident. This religion shaped humanities view and relationship with the Great Spirit, and the relationships between all of humankind. This was a belief system, which also demonstrated a medical view of illness, and utilized herbs in concordance with religious belief. An Earth Centered-Nature religion still permeates herbalism today by various expressions. Herbalism is part of the RELIGION of NATURE, representing a balance of head and heart; that relies more on artful intuition than precise scientific reasoning. Nature religions ascribed a divine expression to the forces of nature, and to the earth itself, and advance a philosophy of divine inter connection with all of its inhabitants. In working with nature, pagans are simply respecting and paying homage to the spiritual forces they observe. Nature is perceived as the domain of the gods and of spirits. The philosophy of paganism usually recognizes a state, in which, spiritual beings on earth, and in the rest of creation, become aware of the "oneness of creation". Herbalism is a vehicle to express the oneness of creation, and foster the divinity of nature and the earth. The more we turn our attention toward the nature of our relationship with the environment, the more profound become the insights into the close embrace we share----of the many ways, in which, our ecological inter-relatedness shows itself. The art and science of herbal medicine is, for many people, the most unexpected----we are ALL ONE. The Gaia concept of our earth as, "The Greek goddess of the earth-a living entity with the equivalent of senses, intelligence, memory and the capacity to act-she is the earth spirit-she is ecology" The Complete Illustrated Guide to Ayruveda demonstrates the Hindu concept of oneness: "Today for instance, people everywhere, are beginning to understand concepts like Gaia, the ONENESS of the organism of earth. This happens by Pitta, the force of the intellect, or Vishnu the preserver (a Hindu god), who keeps balance on earth between the spiritual and demonic." Herbalism is incorporated into this Gaian philosophy in The Elements of Herbalism, where; "Healing is a Gaian quality, as it is a personal expression of balance and wholeness. The relationship between healing plants and people, can be seen as Gaia in action----the context of ecological embrace." Herbal healing is "an expression of very real and practical links with Gaia, there is an activation of ecological cycles for healing. A unique opportunity is created by the simple act of taking herbal medicines----such healing, goes beyond the treatment of pathologies and alleviation of bodily suffering-rather, it is in the realm of the transcendental, the ineffable transformation that comes through the touch of the Great Spirit. According to Wicca-a guide for the Solitary Practitioner, Wicca is a "religion, centering on reverence for nature, as seen in the Goddess and the God. The Goddess is nature, the Universal Mother. The God is the consort of the Goddess." The Roots of Healing-A Woman's Book of Herbs, conveys: "We understand that the primary "LIFE FORCE" of earth is contained within plants. We trust in earth's healing abilities, and therefore, have continued to call upon herbs for nutritional, medicinal, and spiritual help. Our reverence for the mysteries of birth, life, death, and renewal, guides us to live in harmony with nature, closely following her rhythms. We are connected to changing seasons, the weather, and the cycles of the moon----We are known in our communities as herbalists, midwives, witches, nurses, and wise women----We have continued to practice our healing arts despite centuries of persecution by religious organizations, governments, and medical establishments----Over time, I realized that a presence of unconditional love was emanating from earth herself through herbs. This presence, I came to realize, is divine female wisdom, the great Goddess." Consider the view expressed that, "herbs are gifts that teach and heal. Through them, we can learn to hear the whisperings of earth herself. Listen for their songs. Let yourself remember the wise woman, who lives within you." In Witchcraft, we discern that, "Wicca (an alternative name for modern witchcraft) is a positive, shamanic, nature religion, with two main deities honored and worshiped in Wiccan rites: the Goddess (the female aspect and a deity related to the ancient Mother Goddess in her triple aspects of maiden, mother and crone) and her consort, the Horned God (the male aspect). Wicca (which is also known as the 'craft of the wise' or often just 'the craft') is considered, by many, to be both a monastic and pantheistic religion. In simple terms, it is a positive nature based religion, preaching brotherly love, and harmony with, and respect for, all life forms. It is very similar to Native American spirituality." According to the late Scott Cunningham, a well published author, "Earth is a manifestation of divine energy, and reveals her secrets 'to Wiccans', who listen to the earth. To be outdoors, is to be in the temple and surrounded by sanctity."

As you prepare the Earth to accept the seeds you are about to plant, it should be remembered that the act of plowing was a sacred at. It was a kind of sex magick between the farmer and the Earth Mother, in a time when men respected the Earth and the Goddess. As so whether you rake, Roto-till, or cut the furrows with a hoe or digging stick, when the soil Is prepared and before the seeds are planted, kneel down and spread your Hands out over the soil and invoke the Goddess with words such as: "O Great Earth Mother We, your adoring children invoke you Grant us O Gracious One That you will except the seed That we are about to plant in you That you may bring forth new life With which to nurture and sustain us. So Mote It Be!" From "The Wheel of the Year" By Pauline Campanelli

Edible Flowers: 20 of the Tastiest and Most Versatile Flowers have been used as a delicate food among many cultures for thousands of years. Romans commonly used violets in their dishes, Hispanic cultures ate stuffed squash blossoms, Asian Indians used rose petals, and the French liqueur Chartreuse contains carnation petals. Today, edible flowers are usually reserved for chic restaurants and wedding cakes, not your typical meal at home. But, edible flowers can be quite tasty, and they make a welcome addition raw in salads, cooked with an appetizer or main course, infused into sauces or added to desserts. Because edible flowers are so delicate, they don't keep well in the refrigerator (if you must store them, put them between two moist paper towels, wrap the package in plastic wrap, the put it in the fridge). Instead, they're best cooked as soon as you get them home, after carefully rinsing them in cold water. Edible flowers can be found at gourmet food shops, specialty markets and farmers' markets (or in your own backyard, if you grow them). You should not eat flowers from a florist or that you pick on the side of the road, as they may have been treated with pesticides should you eat flowers you've grown if you've treated them with pesticides). Generally speaking, only the petals of the flower (not the stems, pistil or leaves) should be eaten (and avoid eating flowers if you have allergies, as they could aggravate your symptoms). If, like many Americans, you're not sure where to start when it comes to edible flowers, here's a great primer of 20 tasty, edible flowers you can incorporate into your meals. Bee Balm: Has a taste similar to oregano and mint, with slight citrus undertones. Excellent for dishes that use oregano, or in fruit and vegetable salads. Calendula (Marigolds): A spicy, peppery flavor that turns foods a golden color. Also known as "Poor Man's Saffron" because of their flavor. Use them in soups, pasta, herb-butters, rice dishes or salads, or even try them in scrambled eggs. Carnation: A clove-like flavor, with a spicy/sweet kick. They can be steeped in wine or candy, or used to decorate baked goods. Chrysanthemum: A pungent, slightly bitter flavor, similar to mild cauliflower. These petals should be blanched before using, then make great salad toppers or stir-fry additions. Dandelion: Best when picked young, dandelions have a sweet, honey flavor. They can be made into a potent wine, eaten steamed with rice, or served raw over a salad. Hibiscus: A flavor similar to cranberry and citrus, the petals are slightly acidic. They can be used in salads or boiled to make a tea. Lilac: A pungent, lemon-like flavor with a strong perfume and floral taste. Excellent in salads. Nasturtium: One of the most common edible flowers, they have a sweet, spicy, peppery flavor similar to watercress. The flowers can be used on sandwiches, appetizers or salads, or can be stuffed. Pickled nasturtium seedpods are often used as an inexpensive alternative to capers. Pansy: A mild, grassy, sweet flavor. Excellent for garnishes and added to fruit or vegetable salads, desserts and soups. Queen Anne's Lace: A mild, carrot-like flavor that's best used in salads. Radish Flowers: A spicy, radish-like flavor that makes an excellent salad topper. Roses: The flavor is subtle, but similar to green apples and strawberries with fruity, spicy or minty undertones (darker varieties have stronger flavors). Use them in desserts or salads, syrups and jellies, or to make flavored punches or butters. (For an impressive display, try freezing them in ice cube trays and serving the cubes in a punch.) Snap Dragon: With flavors ranging from bland to bitter, depending on variety, try them sparingly on salads or as a garnish. Squash Blossoms: The blossoms from squash and pumpkin have a flavor similar to raw squash and are often served breaded and fried, or stuffed whole. Sunflower: The petals have a slightly bitter flavor and should be blanched before eating, then are great on salads. The sunflower bud has a flavor similar to an artichoke, and can be steamed. Sweet Woodruff: A sweet and grassy flavor with nutty, vanilla undertones. Use them in appetizers, soups, stews and salads. Thyme Flowers: The flowers taste like a mild version of the herb and can be used anywhere thyme would be, such as in soups, stews and on vegetables. Tulip: A sweet, cucumber-like flavor that's excellent on salads. (Only the petals, NOT the bulbs, are edible.) Violet: A sweet, fragrant flavor that works well on salads. Also great for garnishes, desserts and punches. Yucca Flower: A crunchy texture and sweet taste similar to an artichoke. Use them in salads and as a garnish.

Witch Hazel: Unnerving Name, Fantastic Health Benefits to You ... and an Interesting Background by http://www.SixWise.com The witch hazel that we're most familiar with in the U.S. usually comes in liquid form and, for many, conjures up images of a magic potion used to cure ailments or cast a spell. Others may simply know it as that stuff that's been sitting in grandma's medicine cabinet for years. Witch hazel's many medicinal uses are quite real, however, and it is actually from a small shrub or tree found in Asia and several regions in the United States. According to Harvard University, the early American colonists believed the branches of this tree could be used as divining rods, which are basically sticks used to search for underground water or minerals. A forked stick was usually used, and when it was held over ground that contained water or a desired mineral, the stem supposedly pulled downward. The old English word for pliable branches is "wych," which may be the real (though slightly less fun) reason why this member of the hazel family of plants is called "witch hazel" today. The Medicinal Benefits of Witch Hazel Witch hazel has long been used to treat eye inflammations, hemorrhoids, bites, stings and skin sores, diarrhea and dysentery, and a number of other conditions, according to Steven Foster, an author, photographer and consultant specializing in medicinal and aromatic plants. Native Americans used it in poultices for swellings and tumors, and herbalists consider it to be one of the best plants to slow bleeding, both internally and externally. Witch hazel can be used in a number of different ways: Taken as a tea, it can help to slow internal bleeding. As a liquid, it can be dabbed onto bruises, insect bites, sunburn, minor burns, poison ivy, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, stiff muscles, blemishes and more to relieve pain. It can be applied as an aftershave. It can even help to reduce bags and puffiness around the eyes by letting a cotton pad soaked in the fluid rest on your closed eyelids for 10 minutes. The most common form of witch hazel used in the United States today is witch hazel water, a mixture of the plant extract with alcohol added. An extract of pure witch hazel is also used as an astringent ingredient in many toiletry products. How does this plant work? Witch hazel contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, small amounts of volatile oil and other components that likely are responsible for its astringent and anti-bleeding effects. Even More Reason to Give Witch Hazel a Try Several studies have found that witch hazel may be useful for much more than blemishes and burns. A particular form of extract may be useful in fighting the herpes virus, due to its potent anti-viral effects, and was found to be a powerful inflammation reducer. Further, witch hazel has antioxidant properties and has been confirmed to be protective against radiation damage. Japanese researchers even suggested that witch hazel be studied for its potential uses in anti-aging and anti-wrinkle products. So don't let the name scare you. Take advantage of this natural plant extract that's been around for hundreds of years, and discover your favorite uses for this "magic potion."

Here are a few tips for storing your fresh herbs through next winter. Make sure you plant enough to do so! Herbs can be dried in the oven, microwave, flower press, or by hanging. Herbs can also be frozen for later use. For all methods, harvest your herbs in the morning, after the dew has dried on the leaves, or in the early evening. The highest concentration of flavor in the herbs usually occurs just before they flower. That is the best time to harvest them for drying. To gather seeds (such as caraway, fennel, dill, sesame, etc.) you can see the seed forming as the seed heads fade. Watch as the seeds turn green and pick the stalks just as the seeds start to turn brown. Waiting too long will cause them to fall off as they dry. Hang stalks upside down inside a brown paper bag, which is tied shut with the seed heads inside. The seeds will fall into the bag. Oven Drying: Set your oven at its lowest temperature. Arrange your herbs in a single layer on a wire rack that you have lined with cheesecloth. Place in the oven and leave the door open a bit. Turn the herbs every 1/2-hour until they are dry and crumbly. Microwave Drying: Place 1/2 to 1 cup of herbs between layers of microwave-safe paper towels. Microwave on high power for 2 to 3 minutes, checking often to make sure they are not scorching. Microwave in additional 15-second intervals, if necessary, until leaves are brittle and pull from stem easily. Air Drying: Cut sprigs several inches in length then strip the bottom leaves to expose a few inches of bare stems. Gather into small, loose bunches---you want to leave room around the leaves for air to circulate. Tie stems together very tightly, as stems will shrink as they dry. Use string or rubber bands. Hang the bunch upside down in a warm, dry place, with circulation, and out of direct sunlight. It may take up to 2 weeks for herbs to dry, depending on humidity. Leaves will be brittle and crumbly when completely dried. Drying herbs slowly will help them to retain their color, and also the volatile oils contained in the herbs that give them each its unique flavor and aroma. The ideal temperature for air drying herbs is 100 degrees. A well-ventilated attic is an ideal place to dry herbs. In cooler temperatures, the herbs will take more time to dry. Herbs can also be air-dried on screens, which is a good method for drying herbs that have stems too short to be gathered into a bunch, or for loose leaves. Turn leaves frequently to insure thorough, even drying of the herbs. Flower-press Drying: This method takes up less space than air-drying by hanging or on a screen. You can use a purchased flower-press, or make your own by using a stack of heavy books. Arrange the herbs in a singe layer between sheets of paper towel. Place several sheets of newspaper between the layers (for example: newspaper-paper towel-herbs-paper towel-newspaper-paper towel-herbs-paper towel-newspaper, etc.) Pressed herbs will take longer to dry--up to 6 weeks, maybe longer. They will not need to be checked or turned as often. They also will dry flat rather than retaining their natural shape. When dry, crumble leaves into an airtight container for storage. Storing Dried Herbs: When completely dried, remove leaves from the stems. The herbs can then be stored in airtight containers, such as jars. Store in a cool, dark; dry place for up to one year. Hint: Be sure to store in containers as soon as possible after drying.... I tried drying some basil in the dehydrator and turned it off when the leaves were dried, but didn't package them up right away. It was a humid summer day, and the leaves quickly absorbed moisture from the air and I had to re-dry them! If stored before completely dried, they will mold. Freezing Herbs: Freezing preserves more of the fresh flavor of herbs than drying. The disadvantage is that you have your freezer full of green ice cubes! Basil, tarragon, sage and mint can be frozen by removing leaves from the stems; more delicate herbs can be dried in sprigs; Chives can be cut into 1/2" pieces. Except for basil, dill and chives, blanch the leaves or stems of the herbs by placing them in a colander and pouring boiling water over them for 1 second. Spread out on paper towels to dry. When dry, place in a single layer on a baking sheet, Freeze for several hours. Quickly place in bags and seal. Do not refreeze herbs once they are thawed. Another way herbs can be frozen is to chop the leaves and place 1 teaspoon full into ice cube tray sections. Pour 1 teaspoon of water over the herbs and freeze. Then store the cubes in an airtight container in the freezer. Use as many cubes as required. Note: If using fresh herbs in place of dried herbs, double the measurement. Only use fresh herbs if the mixture will be used immediately...if making a mixture that is to be stored, use only herbs that are completely dried.

Headaches come in many forms - from the sudden axe-like attack to the slow and seemingly endless, throbbing kind; the groggy fuzzy kind to a searing full on Migraine, with flashing lights and nausea. They also have a variety of causes - stress, nervous tension, digestive upsets, sinus or catarrh infection, food additives, alcohol... and so the list goes on. Headaches which are centered behind the eyes can suggest a digestive disturbance, whilst those which start at the back of the neck and creep forward and generally tension related. Pain or sensitivity around the eyes or nose can be a sinus problem. When it comes to treating a headache, finding the root of the problem is going to be the most valuable piece of research you can do. Then you can go about curing the problem most effectively. My first choice for treating a headache does tend to be Lavender oil massaged into the temples - or even better, Lavender and Peppermint oil in ice cold water in which a cloth has been soaked, wrung out and applied as a cooling compress to the forehead and nape of neck [see compress section below]. The Lavender is a sedative whilst the Peppermint is a stimulant. In your average headache pill you will usually notice caffeine amongst the ingredients, in this more natural alternative the Peppermint is acting as the stimulant, but with less of the side effects caffeine can cause. There are many other types of remedies, from inhaling essential oils to soaking in a herbal bath; applying a compress to relaxing with a foot bath - and there are a number of delicious herbal teas which can step in to handle most types of headaches. Herbal Teas Headaches linked with digestive upsets can be eased by a cup of Chamomile, Lavender, Limeflower, or Peppermint tea - even sipping plain ol' warm water may help. Nervous tension headaches may benefit from calming Lemon Balm, Limeflower or Marjoram tea. If you've over indulged on the alcohol the night before an infusion of Lavender flowers makes an ideal cuppa for calming the throbbing pain of a hangover. It also soothes the digestive system and assists the liver. Thyme tea will ease both the headache and the queasy stomach associated with hangovers. Rosemary tea can be used to great effect in the morning when you wake up with a stuffy head - you could also try a brisk walk and get some fresh air into your system [preferably in the countryside, but not everyone has that luxury!], or splashing your face, head and nape of neck with cool water. [Rosemary tea should not be drunk too often and is not suitable for epileptics. Do not use during pregnancy]. Wood Betony has long been prized as a herb which cures all pains and aches of the head, particularly as a preventative tea for those disposed to nervous headaches. Herbal Baths Soaking in a warm bath with the addition of essential oils or a strong herbal infusion will allow you to take a bit of quality time out for yourself. If stress or anxiety has caused your headache then some relaxation will do you the world of good. If you have herbs to hand, make up a strong infusion [just like you would for a pot of tea], strain and add the infusion to your bath water - Lavender and Rosemary are both good choices - the Rosemary will help refresh your mind and throw off a groggy headache, and Lavender is one of the best relaxation herbs - particularly if you're having a bed-time bath, try blending it with Marjoram. If you prefer essential oils, be sure to dilute them first in a base / carrier oil [almond, jojoba, vegetable oil etc...] or some milk. About 6 drops of essential oil will be sufficient for an adult bath [no more than 3 -4 drops for children]. If the headache is a result of stress or anxiety you may find Patchouli suitable, if your anxiety is linked to the weather [S.A.D] try Grapefruit to lift your mood. If your headache is part of a cold or infection try antiseptic oils such as Lavender, Peppermint, Rosemary or Eucalyptus - which will help to relieve headaches, clear congestion and fight the infection. Bergamot is another useful oil for relieving headaches, as well as lifting the mood. Steam Inhalation To shift headaches caused by colds, catarrh or sinus infections try adding Lavender, Peppermint, Rosemary or Eucalyptus oils to a bowl of very hot water. Place a towel over the back of your head to keep the steam in, lean over the bowl and breath in the steam. If you find the heat too much, you can add a drop or two of essential oil to a tissue and inhale as and when you feel the need. Chamomile is another useful oil for soothing inflammations and sinus problems. The use of an oil burner with any of the previously mentioned oils can be used effectively if a steam inhalation is not practical, or desired. Compress My favourite headache remedy is an ice cold compress placed on my forehead or nape of neck [or better still, alternated between the two]. Fill a bowl with ice cold water, add a few drops of Lavender or Peppermint oil, or both [like the Gaia's Garden 'ice' headache remedy], soak a cloth, wring it out and place directly onto forehad or nape of neck. Resoak the cloth as it warms up. An ice cold compress of witch hazel is another alternative, or try an infusion of Chamomile flowers [or a few Chamomile teabags], soaking a cloth in the infusion and applying as above. Raw cucumber slices placed on the brow can ease a headache caused by too much sun, with the added benefit of soothing over-exposed skin. Some headaches, and migraines, are a result of not enough blood reaching the head. If you suffer from these kinds, try a warm compress with Marjoram, which will cause the blood vessels to expand slightly. If your headache is the type caused by too much blood to the head try one of the cold compress' or a hot foot bath : Foot bath A strong infusion of Lavender, Rosemary, Limeflower, Peppermint or fresh Ginger can be added to a hot foot bath to dissipate heat and help draw the blood from the head. Massage Massaging a little Lavender oil on and around your temples can help relieve a headache - you may wish to dilute it in a suitable carrier oil, but for emergencies Lavender can be used neat, in small amounts. Headaches caused by tension, stress, or over-work can respond well to a head, neck and back massage - if you have a willing partner ask them to try and relax your muscles with a massage using oils such as Lavender, Marjoram, Chamomile - or if you have a favorite oil try that one. [Be careful of Ylang-Ylang, too much of this oil can actually trigger a headache]. Migraines About 10 years ago or so Feverfew hit the market as a Migraine break-through and is readily available in pill form in health food shops. Fresh Feverfew leaves have been recommended slapped between two slices of bread, but the fresh leaves can cause mouth ulcers, and the herb shouldn't be used as a tea / infusion. If you want to try Feverfew, the capsules and pills found in health food shops are probably the wisest choice, However you choose to treat your headache, the best method is a preventative. Ensure you have a good nights sleep and allow yourself to rest [this doesn't mean being lazy, sitting around all day doing nothing can lead to headaches too]; drink water; avoid too much caffeine and junk foods filled with additives, colorings and preservatives; take regular exercise - yes, a brisk daily walk counts as exercise; find some time to relax - try Yoga, Tai Chi, Meditation, or just some time off for yourself to chill out; and try to avoid being stuck inside in a stuffy room which has little or no fresh air circulating - your body needs oxygen! Computer screens can lead to headaches too so remember to take regular breaks! [note to self...] With Migraines the culprit is quite often a trigger food - dairy products, food additives, red wine, chocolate, wheat, sugar - keep a food diary and see if a pattern emerges. [Red wine and red peppers are my trigger foods - thankfully not chocolate!]. Once you've found the culprit cut it out from your diet and see how the situation improves. If you suffer from persistent headaches or migraines, or they are a result from a fall or blow to the head, be sure to tell your doctor or health care professional immediately. All to often headaches are dismissed - remember to listen to your body, and treat it well.

Poisonous Plants: Common Indoor/Outdoor Plants that Most People Don't Know are Poisonous by http://www.sixwise.com/ Some of the most poisonous substances are those that are literally right under our noses -- plants in our homes and gardens. Most at risk are children -- who will taste plant leaves, berries and flowers out of curiosity -- and pets. Nearly 7 percent of poisonings in children under 6 are caused by poisonous plants, according to the National Capitol Poison Center, but adults, too, may unintentionally ingest a toxic plant. Below is a list of some of the most common plants you may find in your home (though the list is NOT comprehensive) or yard. If you identify a poison plant in your home, keep it safely out of reach of children and pets. In your yard, always be sure children and pets are supervised. And, always teach young children that they should never taste any plant, including berries and mushrooms, that they find. 1. Daffodil (Narcissus) Daffodils contain poisonous alkaloids called narcitine and narcicysteine. Poisonous Parts: All, especially bulbs Symptoms: Abdominal pains, vomiting, nausea, lightheadedness, shivering, possibly diarrhea Location: Daffodils are typically an outdoor plant, but may be kept indoors during the winter. Cut daffodils are a common ornamental flower for indoor arrangements. 2. Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) Foxglove contains digitoxin -- one of several cardiac glycosides in the plant -- which is extremely toxic. Poisonous Parts: All, including leaves, seeds Symptoms: Major disturbances to heartbeat and pulse, abdominal pains, diarrhea, nausea Location: Outdoors 3. Iris (Iris) Irises contain the potentially toxic compounds irisin, iridin, or irisine. Poisonous Parts: Bulb, leaves, stem Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, skin irritation Location: Can be a houseplant or an outdoor plant 4. Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) The toxic components in Jerusalem cherry are solanine and other solanidine alkaloids. Poisonous Parts: Leaves, unripe fruit Symptoms: Abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, vomiting, headache, lowered temperature, dilated pupils, diarrhea, circulatory and respiratory depression, loss of sensation -- may be fatal Location: Outdoors 5. Lily of the Valley (Convdleria majalis) Lily of the Valley contains about 20 poisonous glycosides, including convalatoxin, convalarin, convalamarin, and saponins. Poisonous Parts: All Symptoms: Strong headache, nausea, vomiting, slow pulse, excessive urination Location: Outdoors 6. Morning Glory (Ipomoea) Morning Glory contains toxic indole alkaloids. Poisonous Parts: Seeds or skin contact with sap Symptoms: Hallucinations, dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, numbness of extremities, headache and muscle tightness. Location: Houseplant or outdoors 7. Oleander (Nerium oleander) The toxic compound in oleander is called glycoside oleandrin. Poisonous Parts: Stems, flowers, leaves Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, accelerated or retarded heartbeat, and cardiac arrest Location: Outdoors 8. Castor Bean (Ricinis communis) The Castor Bean contains the alkaloid ricinin and the toxalbumin ricin, both of which are extremely toxic. Poisonous Parts: All, especially the beans Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, stomachache, bloody diarrhea, headache, cold sweat, sleepiness, disorientation, fever, shortage of breath, seizures, and even death. Location: Outdoors 9. Philodendron (Philodendron) Philodendron contains poisonous calcium oxalate. Poisonous Parts: All Symptoms: Burning and swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat, difficulty speaking, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin irritation Location: Houseplant 10. Holly (Ilix) Holly contains several components that can be toxic, including illicin, triterpenoids, and possibly saponic glycosides. Poisonous Parts: Leaves and berries Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Location: Outdoors