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SheShe's blog: "WEST VIRGINIA"

created on 03/05/2007  |  http://fubar.com/west-virginia/b61803
Proud to Be A West Virginian Because of our mountains, we have rivers. The oldest river in the Western Hemisphere, The New River ( quite appropiately named, don't ya think) ends in West Virginia. We have the Gualey River, which confluences with the New River in a mganificent cascade to form the Kanawha River which in turn flows through the center of the state and directly through the capital city of Charleston which is the largest city in West Virginia. These rivers in addition to the Cheat, Black Water, Tygart, Monongahela, Ohio and countless others offer tremendous recreational oppertunities. The tallest building in Charleston is barely 25 stories tall! Which if you think about it, it is a plus; how could you build a skyscraper more beautiful than a mountain? The capital city stretches throughout the long river valley encompassing both hill and dale. The Charleston airport, the largest in the state, sits on top of a mountain. The crime rate in Charleston, including the entire population of the Kanawha Valley ( 200,000), reflects that of the entire state, the lowest in America. No more than a handful of murders are committed each year. Charleston has no subway systems. But truth be known, you can get from one end of town to the other, even during rush hour in less than ten minutes. There are three major interstate systems going through Charleston, the smallest city in America to make such a claim. The entire state has six interstate systems, meaning that from Charleston you can reach Clevelnad, Columbus, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Louisville, or Charolette in less than four hours. Ah, but once you leave the interstates, the drive becomes a thing of wonder. two lane roads winding up and down the mountains,offering amazing views and historic places, small towns, poor in wealth but rich in history. West Virginia is the birth place of Mothers Day in Graffton and Fathers Day in Fairmont. Also to mention the the birth place of 4- H in Jackson Mills. We have the oldest covered bridge still in use. we have walnut festivals, strawberry festivals, apple festivals, pumpkin festivals, buckwheat festivals, arts and crafts fairs, stern wheel regattas and ramp dinners. We have Bridge Day at the New River Gorge Bridge, over 800 feet above the New River; the only standing structure in the United States that, only one day a year allows parachuting and bunjee jumping. We have college basketball, minor league baseball and hockey, and just like all of America, we have Friday night football. We have white water rafting, skiing, hiking, caves, waterfalls and camping in every direction. We have Sundays where a leisurely drive in the car can take eight hours and only cover 100 miles. We have bed and breakfasts, resorts, golf courses, museums and the Greenbriar Hotel ( do a search on that hotel ;) ). West Virginia has more natural beauty and wonder than anyone could ever imagine. We have all of this and yet....... our greatest asset is our people. West Virginians are great people. We care about each other. We talk to our neighbors over the backyard fence. We grow tomatoes for the whole neighborhood. We turn around in eachothers driveways and say howdy when we do. We sit on the porch on warm summer eveings listening to the crickets and watching the children catch fireflies. We loan a hammer or a cup of sugar. We have relatives just down the street. We don't just loan someone a socket wrench, we help fix their car. We don't take two hour lunches, but we do take a few minutes each day with a cup of coffee, our feet upon the desk just shooting the breeze. We rarely get in a hurry. We share recipes, gardening tips and our last cup of coffee. We babysit each others kids, house sit each others dogs while on vacation and we loan our cars if we have to go to the drug store. We ask each other if anything is needed as we go to the market. We celebrate each others accomplishments and we cry over each others disappointments. We are friendly folk. We are West Virginians. Mountaineers are always free! Free to take the time to enjoy life and hold each moment in our hearts forever.
Origins of West Virginia Place Names The following are origins of names of counties and cities and towns in West Virginia. A principal source for this information was the West Virginia Blue Book. Entries with [Shirey] are from The Big Sewell Mountain Country by Mervin R. Shirey, which provides origins of names of some Fayette County towns. Another source is The Heritage of McDowell County, West Virginia 1858-1995, published by the McDowell County Historical Society. Contributors to this page include: James Owston, Okey King, Carlene Adkins, James L. Files, Martha Mills, Rick Smith, James M. Cox, Will Nicoll, J. B. Breeding, Beverly Cyphers, Dennis Upshur, Jim Simon, David E. Lake, Cathy Stuart Jackson, Charles Lewis, Billy Rose, Pat Greene, Ashley Bradford, David Estep, Jim Gray, Sherlene Hall Bartholomew, Janet Sponaugle, Jennifer Davis, Warren Napier, Kathy Deskins, Robert Thompson, Jonathen Morgan, and Bob Gossett. Additions for this list are welcome via e-mail. Last revision: Oct. 14, 2006 Counties Barbour for Philip Pendleton Barbour, Virginia jurist Berkeley for Norborne Berkeley (Baron de Botetourt), Colonial Governor of Virginia, 1768-70 Boone for hunter and explorer Daniel Boone Braxton for Carter Braxton, Virginia statesman, signer of the Declaration of Independence Brooke for Robert Brooke, Virginia Governor, 1794-96 Cabell for William H. Cabell, Virginia Governor, 1805-08 Calhoun for John C. Calhoun, South Carolina politician Clay for Henry Clay, Kentucky politician Doddridge for Philip Doddridge, Virginia statesman, who spent most of his life in Brooke County, West Virginia Fayette for the Marquis de LaFayette Gilmer for Thomas Walker Gilmer, Virginia Governor, 1840-41, later a Congressman and Secretary of the Navy Grant for General U. S. Grant Greenbrier for the Greenbrier River Hampshire for Hampshire, England Hancock for John Hancock, signer of the Declaration of Independence Hardy for Samuel Hardy, of Virginia Harrison for Benjamin Harrison of Virginia, father of President William Henry Harrison Jackson for President Andrew Jackson Jefferson for President Thomas Jefferson Kanawha for the Kanawha River (1) Lewis for Col. Charles Lewis, Virginia soldier who was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774 Lincoln for President Abraham Lincoln Logan for Logan, chief of the Mingo Indian tribe McDowell for James McDowell, Virginia Governor, 1842-44 Marion for Gen. Francis Marion of the Revolutionary War, known as "the Swamp Fox" Marshall for John Marshall, Chief Justice of the U. S. Mason for George Mason, member of the Constitutional Convention Mercer for Gen. Hugh Mercer of the Revolutionary War Mineral because of the mineral resources there Mingo for the Mingo Indian tribe Monongalia for the Monongahela River Monroe for President James Monroe Morgan for Gen. Daniel Morgan of the Revolutionary War Nicholas for Wilson Cary Nicholas, Virginia Governor, 1814-16 Ohio for the Ohio River Pendleton for Edmund Pendleton, Virginia jurist Pleasants for James Pleasants Jr., Virginia Governor and U. S. Senator from Virginia Pocahontas for Pocahontas, the Indian princess Preston for James Patton Preston, Virginia Governor, 1816-19 Putnam for Gen. Israel Putnam, soldier Raleigh for Sir Walter Raleigh, English adventurer and soldier Randolph for Edmund Jennings Randolph, Virginia Governor, 1786-88 Ritchie for Thomas Ritchie, journalist of Richmond, Virginia Roane for Judge Spencer Roane, of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, whose wife Anne was the daughter of Patrick Henry Summers for George W. Summers, Kanawha county jurist Taylor for Sen. John Taylor, Virginia statesman and soldier Tucker for Henry St. George Tucker, Virginia jurist Tyler for President John Tyler Upshur for Abel Parker Upshur, Secretary of the Navy (1841-43) and U.S. Secretary of State (1843-44) Wayne for Gen. Anthony Wayne of the Revolutionary War Webster for Daniel Webster of New England Wetzel for Lewis Wetzel, famous frontier character and Indian fighter Wirt for William Wirt, author, orator, and lawyer from Maryland and Virginia Wood for James Wood, Virginia Governor, 1796-99 Wyoming for the Delaware Indian word meaning "large plain" (1) According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, "The name Kanawha is probably derived from that of an Indian tribe." According to the 1935 and 1969 West Virginia Blue Book, the name is derived from the Indian tribe which once inhabited the area. According to the Grolier Encyclopedia, kanawha is believed to mean "place of the white rock." According to William T. Price in his Historical Sketches Of Pocahontas County, West Virginia, Allegheny County, Virginia, and Pocahontas were created on the same day. Because of an error by the clerk, the names of the two new counties were switched and, instead of the higher county being called Allegheny County, it was called Pocohontas and the county that was lower in elevation was called Allegheny County. Cities and Towns Albright Preston for David Albright, owner of the land where the town was built Alderson Monroe/ Greenbrier for John Alderson, Baptist minister who settled there in 1777 Alpoca Wyoming for Alpha Pocahontas Coal Co. Anawalt McDowell for Col. Anawalt, who was then manager of Union Supply Co. Ansted Fayette for David T. Ansted, British geologist, owner of the land where the town was built Astor Taylor name selected by the first postmaster's wife while running through an alphabetical list in her mind (name replaced "Fairview," already in use in Marion County) Athens Mercer for Athens, Greece Auburn Ritchie suggested in 1871 by Maj. Joseph C. Gluck, apparently because "the word is easy to spell and write" Bancroft Putnam for George Bancroft, coal mine operator Barboursville Cabell for James Barbour, Virginia Governor, 1812-14 Barrackville Marion for Thomas Barrack, early settler Bayard Grant for Thomas F. Bayard, later U. S. Senator from Delaware Beard Pocahontas for Josiah Beard, who immigrated from Scotland through Ireland to West Virginia, according to his great great granddaughter Alice Beard Beckley Raleigh for John Beckley, first Clerk of the Congress, named by Alfred Beckley, his son, early settler (see note) Beech Bottom Brooke because a beech grove originally grew there Belington Barbour adapted from earlier name "Bealin's," which was derived from a store operated by merchant John Bealin Benwood Marshall adapted from earlier name "Ben's Woods," because the land was owned by Benjamin McMechen Berkeley Springs Morgan for Norborne Berkeley, Virginia Governor, 1768-70, and for the springs located there (originally called "Bath," for Bath, England) Besoco Raleigh for Beckley Smokeless Coal Co. Bethany Brooke for Bethany, Palestine Beverly Randolph for Beverly Randolph, mother of Edmund Randolph Big Chimney Kanawha for the salt works there which apparently built a "big chimney". Big Stick Raleigh for Theodore Roosevelt, who believed in talking softly and carrying a big stick Big Ugly Lincoln for Big Ugly Creek Blacksville Monongalia for David Black, founder of the town Bluefield Mercer because of the growth of a dark blue flower and blue grass which grows there Blueville Taylor for John Wolverton Blue who came there in 1838 to complete the Northwestern Turnpike from the top of Cheat Mountain to Clarksburg Bolivar Jefferson for Simon Bolivar, South American patriot Boothsville Marion for James Booth, a Virginia soldier injured during Braddock's defeat in 1755 Bradley Raleigh for Gen. Omar Bradley Bramwell Mercer for Joseph H. Bramwell, coal developer Brandonville Preston for Col. Jonathan Brandon, builder of the first house there Bridgeport Harrison because of the completion of the first bridge in Harrison county in 1803 Bruceton Mills Preston for George Bruce, said to be a descendant of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland (Bruce was the stepfather of John M. Hoffman, early settler, who named the town) Buckhannon Upshur for Buck-on-go-ha-non, chief of the Delaware Indians Buffalo Putnam for Buffalo Creek Burning Springs Wirt for a spring that bubbled with natural gas Burnsville Braxton for Capt. John Burns, sawmill operator who founded the town Cabin Creek Kanawha for the first Cabin of John Flinn. He was later killed by Indians; Daniel Boone rescued his daughter and raised her. Cairo Ritchie for Cairo, Egypt Caldwell Greenbrier for James Caldwell, who developed the first hotel at White Sulphur Springs Camden on Gauley Webster for U. S. Senator Johnson N. Camden Cameron Marshall for Samuel Cameron, right-of-way agent for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co. before the construction of the railroad into the town Capon Bridge Hampshire because of the construction of the bridge over Cacapon River there (the river is a Shawnee Indian name meaning "river of medicine water") Carlisle Fayette for a city in England, named by coal operator Samuel Dixon Cass Pocahontas for Joseph K. Cass, chairman of the board of West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co. Cedar Grove Kanawha because a large cedar forest was growing there Ceredo Wayne for Ceres, the Greek goddess of grain and harvest Chapmanville Logan for an early settler Charleston Kanawha for Charles Clendenin, father of early settler George Clendenin Charles Town Jefferson for Charles Washington, brother of President George Washington, who lived there Chesapeake Kanawha for the railroad Chelyan Kanawha for a daughter of Calvert Family Cirtsville Raleigh for Curtis Vass, early settler Clarksburg Harrison for George Rogers Clark, Virginia soldier Clay Clay for Clay County, which was named for Henry Clay Clayton Summers for a Cincinnati balloonist who crashed on Keeney's Knob in April 1835 Clendenin Kanawha for the Clendenin family, including town founder Charles and his son George Coalton Randolph because the town was a coal mining center Coco Kanawha see note below Coopers Mercer for John Cooper, coal operator Corliss Fayette for Corliss Amick who died in 1890 at age 3 [Shirey] Cowen Webster for John F. Cowen, director of the West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railway Co. Cranberry Raleigh for Cranberry Creek, because cranberries grew in abundance Danese Fayette named by S. G. Bowyer in honor of his newly born daughter [Shirey] Danville Boone for Dan Rock, first postmaster Davis Tucker for the family of U. S. Senator Henry Gassaway Davis Davis Creek Cabell for the family of Paul H. Davis, early settlers Delbarton Mingo for one of the officials of the United Thacker Land Co. Dunbar Kanawaha for Dunbar Baines, Charleston banker and lawyer Durbin Pocahontas for Charles R. Durbin Sr., banker, from Grafton and Morgantown East Bank Kanawha because of its location east of Coalburg ("bank" referred to a coal mine) East Lynn Wayne named in 1890-91 probably because of its central location between Big Lynn and Little Lynn Creeks Edmond Fayette for Postmaster J. L. Ryan's son Eddie [Shirey] Eleanor Putnam for Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of President Franklin Roosevelt Elizabeth Wirt for Elizabeth (Woodyard) Beauchamp, wife of David Beauchamp, early settler Elk Garden Mineral because of the traditional location there of an elk lick Elkins Randolph for U. S. Sen. Stephen B. Elkins Ellenboro Ritchie for Ellen Mariah Williamson, first postmistress and daughter of John Williamson, early settler Epperly Raleigh for John Epperly, an official of several mining companies in the area Fairmont Marion a contraction of Fair Mountain Fairview Marion because of a clear view of the surrounding country Falling Spring Greenbrier because of a spring having a gentle fall into the Greenbrier River Farmington Marion because farming was a principal occupation there Fayetteville Fayette for Lafayette, the French nobleman Fireco Raleigh a name used to indicate heat Flatwoods Braxton because of the flat and rolling land there Flemington Taylor for James Fleming, early settler Follansbee Brooke for the Follansbee brothers, owners of a steel mill there Fort Gay Wayne for Fort Gallup, which was located near there before the Civil War Frametown Braxton for James Frame, Sr. early settler Franklin Pendleton for Francis Evick, the first resident Freeman Mercer for John Freeman, coal operator (see note) Friendly Tyler for Friend Cochrane Williamson, grandson of Thomas Williamson, early settler Gassaway Braxton for U. S. Senator Henry Gassaway Davis Gilbert Mingo for Gilbert Creek, which is named for an early traveler there who was killed by Indians Glasgow Kanawha because a glass factory was built there Glen Dale Marshall for Glen Dale, the name of a farm owned by Samuel A. Cockayne there Glen Jean Fayette for Jean, the wife of Thomas G. McKell, a large landowner in the area Glenville Gilmer for a short bend in the little Kanawha River Glen White Raleigh for E. E. White, coal operator Grafton Taylor for John Grafton, civil engineer who laid out the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad near there, or because railroad crews called the town "graftin"because it was the point at which a number of branch railroad lines met the railroad's mainline Grantsville Calhoun for Gen. U. S. Grant Grant Town Marion for Robert Grant, Vice President of the Federal Coal and Coke Co. Halleck Monongalia for Civil War Gen. Henry Wager Halleck Halltown Jefferson for William Hall I, who settled the town and raised his family there Hambleton Tucker for a stockholder of the West Virginia Central Railroad Co. Hamlin Lincoln for Leonides Lent Hamline, Methodist bishop, or for Vice President Hannibal Hamlin Handley Kanawha for a board member on the Railroad Hansford Kanawha for an early family of Kanawha County Harman Randolph for Rev. Asa Harman, donor of the site of the town Harpers Ferry Jefferson for Robert Harper, who operated ferries across the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers there Harrisville Ritchie for Thomas Harris, pioneer Hartford Mason for Hartford, Connecticut Hedgesville Berkeley for the Hedges family in that area Helen Raleigh for the daughter of G. W. Stevens, president of the C&O Railroad Helvetia Randolph the ancient Latin name for Switzerland, because many early settlers were Swiss Hemlock Fayette for the Hemlock Hollow Coal Co. [Shirey] Henderson Mason for Samuel Bruce Henderson, who owned the land where the town was established Hendricks Tucker for Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks Henlawson Logan for Henry Lawson, property owner Herndon Wyoming probably for A. M. Herndon, an official of the Winding Gulf Colliery Co. Hillsboro Pocahontas for John Hill, instrumental in having the town laid out (or for Richard Hill, early settler) Hinton Summers for John (Jack) Hinton, Summers County lawyer (see note) Hundred Wetzel for Henry Church and his wife, early settlers, who lived to be 109 and 106 years old Huntington Cabell/ Wayne for Collis P. Huntington, President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Hurricane Putnam because surveyors discovered that a tornado had earlier leveled many trees there Huttonsville Randolph for the pioneer Hutton family there Iaeger McDowell for Col. William G. W. Iaeger, whose son, Dr. William R. Iaeger, had a plat of the present town made Itmann Wyoming for Isaac T. Mann, founder of Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Jane Lew Lewis for Jane Lewis, mother of the founder of the town Jenkinjones McDowell for Jenkin Jones, coal operator (see note) Jonben Raleigh for John Tolley and Ben Meadows Jumping Branch Summers for a log that fallen over a creek, making an easy place to cross Junior Barbour for Harry Junior Davis, son of Henry Gassaway Davis Kendalia Kanawha for Joseph Chancelor Kendall, early settler who served in the War of 1812 as a boy of 13. He moved to the Elk District of Virginia, on the Blue Creek, where he purchased 39,000 acres of timberland. Town was near Charleston, no longer exists Kenova Wayne for Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia Kermit Mingo for Kermit Roosevelt, son of President Theodore Roosevelt Keyser Mineral for William Keyser, first vice president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Keystone McDowell for a coal and coke company operating there Kimball McDowell for Frederick J. Kimball, railroad operator Kingwood Preston because of a forest of large trees Kopperston Wyoming from the Koppers Company of Delaware which opened the mine there (1937) Lake Logan for Nicholas Lake, who settled and named the town. First considered the name Lakes Mills but settled on Lake on the post office application, in 1880 Lanark Raleigh named by coal operator James K. Laing for his home county in Scotland Layland Fayette named by the New River and Pocahontas Coal Co. [Shirey] Leckie McDowell for Col. William Leckie, coal operator Leon Mason for Leone, Mexico. Named by a veteran of the Mexican-American War for the town he visited in Mexico during the war, according to Pat Greene. Lester Raleigh for Chandler "Champ" Lester. The town started on land owned by him and John W. Gray Lewisburg Greenbrier for Gen. Andrew Lewis Littleton Wetzel for William Little, early settler Liverpool Roane for Liverpool, England Logan Logan for Logan, the Indian chief Lookout Fayette because of Spy Rock, just west of the town, used by the Union Army [Shirey] Lost Creek Harrison because of a message carved on trees along the creek before the region was settled, according to tradition Lumberport Harrison because of a boat-yard where timber was dressed by hand and floated in rafts to market in Pittsburgh Maben Wyoming for J. C. Maben of Philadelphia Mabscott Raleigh for Mabel Shinn Scott, of Fairmont, wife of Cyrus H. Scott, coal operator from Raleigh County MacArthur Raleigh for General Douglas MacArthur Madison Boone for Col. William Madison Peyton, coal operator, or possibly President James Madison Man Logan from the last syllable of the name of Ulysses Hinchman, member of the House of Delegates from Logan County Mannington Marion for James Manning, railroad engineer Manila Boone named in 1900 after Battle of Manila Bay during Spanish American War Maplewood Fayette in honor of a large maple tree [Shirey] Marlinton Pocahontas for Jacob Marlin, who settled there with Sewell during the winter of 1750-51 Marmet Kanawha for the Marmet Coal Co., owned by William and Edwin Marmet Martinsburg Berkeley for Thomas Bryan Martin, nephew of Lord Fairfax Mason Mason for Mason County, which is named for George W. Mason, author of the Constitution of Virginia Masontown Preston for William Mason, founder of the town and its first postmaster Matewan Mingo for Matewan, New York, home city of the engineer who laid out the town Matoaka Mercer is another name for Pocahontas, the Indian princess McAlpin Raleigh named by John Laing in honor of his mother, whose maiden name was McAlpin McDonald for Symington McDonald, coal operator McMechen Marshall for William and Sidney (Johnson) McMechen, early settlers Meadow Bridge Fayette because a bridge was constructed across Meadow Creek there Middlebourne Tyler because it was halfway between Pennsylvania and the old Salt Wells on the Kanawha above Charleston Mill Creek Randolph because a large mill was operated by William Currence there Milton Cabell for Milton Reece, land owner there Mitchell Heights Logan for the old Mitchell Farm there Monongah Marion for the Monongahela River Montgomery Fayette/ Kanawha for James Montgomery, early settler Montrose Randolph because of the profusion of wild roses growing there Moorefield Hardy for Conrad Moore, land owner there Morgantown Monongalia for Col. Zackquill Morgan, son of Morgan Morgan Moundsville Marshall for the Mammoth Grave Creek Indian Mound there Mount Hope Fayette for Mount Hope School, an early country school there Mullens Wyoming for Andrew Jackson Mullins (1857-1938), land owner there (the name was inadvertently misspelled; later, residents of the town voted to retain the "incorrect" spelling) Newburg Preston because a "new" town was being established on the Baltimore and Ohio lines New Cumberland Hancock because the purchasers of land preferred this name over the older names Cuppy Town and Vernon New Haven Mason for New Haven, Connecticut New Martinsville Wetzel for Presley Martin, early settler Nimitz Summers for Admiral Chester Nimitz Nitro Kanawha/Putnam for the large federal plant to manufacture explosives established during World War I Northfork McDowell because of its location on the north fork of Elkhorn River at its junction with the south fork North Spring Wyoming Probably because the creek there runs in a northerly direction Nuttallburg Fayette for Englishman John Nuttall who opened a mine and built 150 coke ovens [Shirey]. Nutter Fort Harrison for Thomas Nutter, who built and maintained an old Indian fort there Oak Hill Fayette because of a large white oak tree there and the fact that the town is on a hill Oakvale Mercer for oak trees there Oceana Wyoming for Oceana, younger daughter of Cornstalk(?) Ona Cabell for a girl named Ona who won a beauty contest held to determine the name of the town Onego Pendleton for the Onega Indian tribe Orgas Boone for Orange Gas Co. Paden City Tyler/ Wetzel for the family of Obediah Paden, early settler Page Fayette for Capt. William N. Page, coal operator Paint Creek Kanawha/Fayette because Indians painted the trees to mark their trail Parkersburg Wood for Alexander Parker, whose daughter, after his death, donated the land for the site of the courthouse and the county building Parral Fayette for a mine in Mexico visited by Samuel Dixon, coal operator Parsons Tucker for Ward Parsons, landowner there Paw Paw Morgan for the paw paw, a wild fruit which formerly grew in abundance there Pax Fayette for the Pax Branch stream, which was named for hunters who had camped near there earlier Peach Creek Logan for the large peach grove there Pennsboro Ritchie for Penn, a Baltimore surveyor who made the first plat of the town Petersburg Grant for Peterson, the operator of the first general store there Peterstown Monroe for Christian Peters, Revolutionary soldier who founded the town Philippi Barbour for Phillip Pendleton Barbour, Supreme Court justice Pie Mingo named by postmaster Leander Blankenship (b. about 1870) because he liked pie (information from Kathy Deskins, his granddaughter) Piedmont Mineral because the town is at the foot of a mountain Pine Grove Wetzel for a large pine thicket there Pineville Wyoming for a pine forest there Poca Putnam from Pocatalico, Indian name (see note below) Point Pleasant Mason for Camp Point Pleasant, established there by Gen. Andrew Lewis, which was probably named because it was a pleasant place Pratt Kanawha for Charles K. Pratt, coal operator Princeton Mercer for Princeton, New Jersey, where Gen. Hugh Mercer was killed during the Revolutionary War Pruntytown Taylor for John Prunty, State Legislator Pullman Ritchie for George M. Pullman, manufacturer of the pullman cars Quick Kanawha for the family who lived there having the name Quick Quinnimont Fayette Latin for "five mountains" Quinwood Greenbrier for Quin Morton and Walter Wood, coal operators Rainelle Greenbrier for Thomas W. and John Raine, lumber manufacturers (see note) Ranson Jefferson for the Ranson family who owned the land where the town was built Ravenseye Fayette for the flashing dark eyes of Mrs. Maggie Rodes [Shirey] Ravenswood Jackson for Allan, Lord of Ravenswood, in Sir Walter Scott's "The Bride of Lammermoor" Raysal McDowell for Raymond Salvati, a mine superintendent Reedsville Preston for James Reed, owner of land there Reedy Roane for Reedy Creek, which is named because of the numerous reeds that grew the stream Renick Greenbrier for Maj. William Renick, from Augusta County, Virginia Rhodell Raleigh for I. J. Rhodes, one of the founders of the town Richwood Nicholas because of the wealth of natural resources there Ridgeley Mineral for the former owners of the land there Rig Hardy for Elmer Riggelman, founder of the post office and general store (see note) Ripley Jackson for Harry Ripley, who was drowned in Big Mill creek in 1830 Rivesville Marion for U. S. Sen. William Cabell Rives Romney Hampshire for Romney in Great Britain Ronceverte Greenbrier French for "green brier" Rowlesburg Preston for James Rowles, engineer in charge of the survey of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad of the region Rum Creek Logan because a keg of rum was lost in its banks by the settlers Rupert Greenbrier for Dr. Cyrus A Rupert, founder St. Albans Kanawha for St. Albans, Vermont St. Marys Pleasants for the Virgin Mary Salem Harrison for Salem, New Jersey Sam Black Church Greenbrier for a church named in honor of Rev. Samuel Black (1813-1899), a native of Greenbrier county Sand Fork Gilmer for the creek there, which was named for the numerous sand bars found along the course of the stream Saulsville Wyoming for James Sauls, the mail carrier of the route between Oceana, Pineville, Spanishburg and Raleigh Scarbro Fayette named by Samuel Dixon for the English town of Scarborough. The Post Office later shortened the name. Seymourville Grant for Felix Seymour (1725-1798), early settler Shepherdstown Jefferson for Thomas Shepherd, founder of the town Shinnston Harrison for the Shinn family, pioneer settlers from New Jersey Simpson Taylor for John Simpson, renowned hunter and pioneer who arrived in the area in 1763 Sissonville Kanawha for founder James Sisson, according to his descendant John M. Cox Sistersville Tyler for two sisters, Sarah and Delilah Wells, owners of the land there Skelton Raleigh named by coal operator Samuel Dixon for his birthplace, Skelton, England Slab Fork Raleigh for the creek near the town Smithers Fayette for James Smithers, early settler Smithfield Wetzel for Henry Smith, who established a store there Sophia Raleigh for Sophia McGinnis, early resident South Charleston Kanawha because it is located south of Charleston Spanishburg Mercer for Spanish Brown, early settler Spencer Roane for Spencer Roane, Virginia jurist Sprague Raleigh for Phineas W. Sprague, head of C. H. Sprague Co. and a major stockholder in the New River Co. Spurlockville Lincoln for the Spurlock families who were prominent in Lincoln and Wayne Counties Stanaford Raleigh for the creek branch on which it is located Star City Monongalia for the Star Glass Company there Stone Coal from a name formerly used for coal to distinguish it from charcoal Stonewood Harrison for two small towns formerly known as Stonewall and Norwood; name was chosen by a contest in an eighth-grade class Stotesbury Raleigh for Edward T. Stotesbury, president of the Beaver Coal Co., named by E. E. White, coal operator Summersville Nicholas for Judge Lewis Summers, who introduced the bill in the Virginia Assembly creating Nicholas County Sutton Braxton for John D. Sutton, founder of the town Talbott Barbour for Robert R. Talbott, early settler Ten Mile Upshur (see note) Terra Alta Preston Latin for "high land" Thomas Tucker for Col. Thomas Davis, pioneer railroad and mine owner there Thurmond Fayette for Capt. W. D. Thurmond, who acquired the land in 1873 as payment for surveying work Triadelphia Ohio for (probably) the three sons of Col. Josias Thompson, who donated the land upon which the town was originally laid out Triune Monongalia because three roads joined at the town Tunnelton Preston because of the railroad tunnel there Union Monroe because the site of the town was a rendezvous for troops during the Indian wars Upper Falls Kanawha for the cascading waters of the adjacent Coal River Ury Raleigh for Uriah Cook, land owner Vienna Wood for Vienna, Virginia War McDowell for War Creek, named by the Indians because of a battle that occurred near the source of the creek Wardensville Hardy for Jacob Warden, the first merchant Webster Taylor for Daniel Webster, a miller Webster Springs Webster for Webster County and the various sulphur springs there Weirton Hancock/ Brooke for E. T. Weir or David M. Weir Welch McDowell for Isaiah A. Welch, a captain in the Confederate army Wellsburg Brooke for Alexander Wells, son-in-law of Charles Prather, builder of the first large flour warehouse in the east West Milford Harrison because of a mill on the west side of the West Fork River, near a much-used ford Weston Lewis unknown Westover Monongalia because the town is west of Morgantown, across the Monongahela River Wheeling Ohio from an Indian word (see note) White Sulphur Springs Greenbrier for the sulphur springs there Whitesville Boone for B. W. White, early settler Wickham Raleigh for coal operator Thomas Wickham Williamson Mingo for Wallace J. Williamson, founder of the town Williamstown Wood for Isaac Williams, founder of the town Winfield Putnam for Gen. Winfield Scott Worthington Marion for Col. George Worthington, early settler Wyco Wyoming for Wyoming Coal Company Beckley. According to The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States (1905) by Henry Gannett, Beckley was named for Alfred Beckley. However, other accounts say Alfred named the town for his father. Coco - A child named Forest Rose Myers won a contest to name the post office, suggesting the name Poco, which was the name of her pet rooster. There was an error and the town ended up as Coco. This information was supplied by her daughter. Hinton - However, according to A History of Clayton Community (1923) by C. H. Graham, "In 1872 Summers County was formed, taking into its territory that part of Monroe to which we belonged. The first sheriff to whom we paid taxes in the new county was Evan Hinton, after whose family the town of Hinton was named and who also was the chief promoter in having the new county formed." Jenkinjones and Freeman - Jenkin Jones was born at Glyn Neath, Wales on Sept. 25, 1839. He came to the U. S. in 1863, and worked as a coal miner in Pennsylvania before moving to West Virginia, where he developed coal mines. Jones and John Freeman formed a partnership which opened the Caswell Creek Coal and Coke Co. and later, with Isaac T. Mann, they operated Pocahontas Consolidated Coal Co. Poca - according to Poca city councilman Arnold G. Stephens, Pocatalico was a local Indian who lived in the area, supposedly shot by settlers whom he was harassing. He was shot on one bank of the river, swam across and died on the other. However, other sources indicate Pocatalico was an Indian word meaning "land of the fat deer." A reader of this page says, as he heard it, the story of the Indian claims he jumped off a rock cliff into the river and swam across. He says he knows of no rock cliff near enough to the river to jump into it, and he believes the "land of the fat deer" is the more likely origin. Rainelle - The origin of the town name shown above is taken from the West Virginia Blue Book. Warren Napier writes, "Jeff, I grew up in Rainelle, as did my older brothers, and my father knew the Raines pretty well. You're right about it being associated with the Raines, of course, but, as we were told, it also is from the wife of one of the gentlemen, 'Nelle' Raine." Rig - Shawn Simon of Altus, Oklahoma, writes, "There is a small town between Moorefield and Petersburg called Rig. My grandfather, Elmer Riggelman, founded the post office and general store there. In order for the place to have a post office it had to have a name, so the Post Master General called it Rig after my grandfather. There is no longer a post office there, so they get their mail from a rural route using the Moorefield zip code. Just though I'd share with you my family's little piece of WV history." Ten Mile - According to A Brief History of Ten Mile Community (1927) by Artie J. Norvell and Ruth Spiker, "There seems to have been a double reason for the naming of the village. The old settlers thought that the little stream flowing into the river was ten miles long so they named it Big Ten Mile Creek and its main branch they called Little Ten Mile Creek. They estimated the distance from the mouth of the stream to Buckhannon at ten miles so they named the village Ten Mile. About the year 1888 a post office was established near the mouth of Big Ten Mile Creek and named Sellars in honor of Colonel Sellars from Ohio who was a pioneer in the lumber industry in the community and at that time was operating one of the first saw mills in that section. A few years later the people had the name of the post office changed to Ten Mile." Wheeling - said to be from a Native American word for "place of the skull" According to an Internet website, "In an effort to warn and intimidate intruders, the chief and his warriors placed the decapitated head of a prisoner on a pole near the mouth of a small creek. Nothing could be clearer in meaning than a sun-bleached skull placed near the pathway into one of the richest hunting grounds existing in that time. Historians claim that the Delaware word Wihling,or Wih for head and -ling for place, has evolved to become Wheeling. Other variations reported are Weel-ung or Wih-lunk. Most writers agree that these are documented facts and are the origin of the name of Wheeling Creek and eventually of the city itself." A reader of this web page writes, "It's an Iroquois word(originally spelled 'Wheling') meaning 'the place of the skull,' and the reason for the name is that the heads of the first five white people in the area wound up on stakes at the mouth of what is now known as Big Wheeling Creek as a rather emphatic 'NO TRESPASSING' sign. Doesn't seem to have worked."
The Ballad of Danny Heater 31 Years Ago, Basketball History Happened This article appeared in the Washington Post on March 13, 1991. By PAUL HENDRICKSON Washington Post Staff Writer BURNSVILLE, W.Va. -- "Son," his mother said, fixing his supper, kissing his forehead, forking her fingers through his inch-high blond flattop, "If you don't mind, I won't go tonight. This other team's got nothing, you've already licked them once this season. I'll just sit at home here with your daddy, they probably won't even need to put you in." This is the ballad of Danny Heater. He did it 31 seasons ago. He was 17 then and built like a boneyard and had a father who was out of work in the mines and a mama named Beulah who sang beautifully in the Methodist church, and on one improbable howling-cold January night, in a little band-box country gym that was so small it didn't even have seats, he vaulted up out of his West Virginia destinies to set -- in 32 minutes and four quarters of high school basketball -- a single-game national scoring record that no one has ever been able to touch. Stats won't tell his story, though here are several: At one point they say he scored six points before they could move four seconds off the clock. In the final 10 minutes, he racked 55. He made three left-handed hooks - this is the legend anyway. Nobody could remember Danny Heater even trying a left-handed hook before, at least not in a game. Three or four or five straight times (some say it was twice that), the opposing team couldn't get the ball in bounds, let alone a third of the way up the floor: Because the sheet-faced 145-pound boy - whose family didn't even own a car; who was known for his almost neurotic shyness; who was first and foremost a team player; whose inclination was always to pass it off as much as to pump it in -- would materialize out of nowhere and steal the thing and then dipsy-doodle it into the basket from the underneath, barely looking up. By midway in the second quarter they thought he might break the state record. The state record was 74. He blew by 74 like an 18-wheeler with its hammer down. He even got 32 rebounds and seven assists. Toward the end the cheerleaders from the other side were screaming for him. There are West Virginians who'll tell you that in those final few minutes in that old rocking hotbox basement arena that was about 17 feet shorter than a standard court, hysteria began to feel like an inferior emotion. In the end as Danny Heater, his wind completely gone, kept putting them in, and putting them in, a queer quiet seemed to be drawing itself over a school that didn't even have 85 boys. A lot of it would be myth, of course, burnished by three decades of imagining it. And yet there are the numbers, sitting in the record books, hard and brilliant. When the tally came in over the state wires, it looked like a typographical error. Heater: 53-29-135. Which is to say 53 field goals, 29 free throws, total 135. In all the years and dreams of schoolboys since, that number, 135, has held. The final score was Burnsville 173, Widen 43. Which is to say that on the other side of things, it didn't feel like school history, it felt like a raw, open slaughter. And the memory endures. This happened on Jan. 26, 1960. The mountain moon is remembered as being ripe and pearly. The Little Kanawha River, which glides right out back of the school, was so swollen it looked ready to leap its banks. A man named Kennedy hadn't yet come to the coal-haunted border Protestant state to begin smashing Hubert Humphrey in the race for the presidency, though within weeks he would. That's the first part of the ballad of Danny Heater. But the next seems even more impenetrable: He never wanted it to happen. He asked that they pick somebody else. They had to talk him into it, his teammates and his coach. The whole harebrained inspired thing was a scheme in a worthy cause hatched by a frustrated young coach a few minutes before the boys in orange and black took the floor. That coach's name is Jack Stalnaker and he's down in Braxton County yet, his emotion mixed. "We're going to feed it to Danny every time we get the ball," the coach had told Luther Clayton and Harold Conrad and Charlie Smith and Donnie Brooks and all the others in the locker room. And why? Because they wanted to try and get the poorest kid on the team a ride to college. Because they wanted to get the publicity for their little nowhere burg and Class A school which in West Virginia is the bottom rung. The idea, you see, was that if Danny, who had the put shot, the quickest hands, could put off something stupendous against a weak opponent, then scholarship scouts from the big universities Morgantown and other places might come riding in. Well, he got the ticket to college all right, though not the school of his choice nor under the circumstances he wished. He got the ride to the city and to the lights of Division I NCAA ball and lasted an even six weeks. In later years there would be the occasional newspaper story about the automobile accident the summer before college that ruined a Appalachian boy's back and chances. There would be stories about the family fire that drove Danny Heater home from the University of Richmond before could really get started. It isn't much that these things are untrue, it's just that the real truth is both more simple and more profound. But it's okay now. It's been okay for a long while. Which is one reason why the ballad of Danny Heater, once of Burnsville but now of Germantown, is a richer tale than you might suspect. Which is why the 235-pound and exceedingly modest and instantly likable and semi-beat-up 49-year-old passenger agent for Pan Am who gets out of bed at 3:45 a.m. five and six days a week to drive through urban darkness to his job at National Airport didn't even want this story done, had to be rather strenuously coaxed and cajoled into it. "I just can't see who'd want to read about my life," says a man who a long time ago notched one for the books, the lilting West Virginia rhythms laced perfectly in. In a Maryland Town House He is sitting in his living room, talking about his parents, John Curry and Beulah, deflecting it from himself in the way an old jock might flick off a pass if he still had great peripheral vision. His huge frame, gone to stomach, is sunk deep in a chair in a spick-and-span town house he doesn't own. Danny Heater has never owned a house. The money has just never been there. He wouldn't like it put this way, but the fact is he's always passed off any extra money -- of which there's been damn little helping a sibling in trouble, helping a parent with black lung. John Curry Heater, Danny's dad, died of black lung four years ago, which is the oldest, saddest West Virginia story there is. Beulah Heater, who was always Danny's biggest fan, and who missed the game of games, died 12 years ago. Her love was as round and wide as she was. She used to scissor out all her boy's story's and paste them in her dime-store scrapbooks. And when somebody wrote something she didn't like, she'd scissor out the offending paragraph and glue the rest in. Around Danny today is his nuclear family -- his wife, Carol; his 18-year-old daughter, Tracy; his 21-year-old son, Kevin. Kevin's a lean, taciturn, likable fellow in a T-shirt and big floppy gym shoes. He's Danny a generation ago. He once got 32 in the I-270 league. "I've hardly ever taken them to downtown Washington," John Curry's son says of his own children. "Downtown Washington scares me." Danny Heater's been living in these climes for almost 29 years. For a while they lived in Suitland. Danny was a file-review clerk at the FBI then. (Obscure fact: The FBI has a long history of coming to rural places in West Virginia to recruit for low-level jobs.) Later Danny got on with the airlines. His first job was loading bags into the belly of the planes. Now the airline he works for is in bankruptcy. But he was talking a second ago of his father's fears and struggles. "About all he knew in his whole life was work. He only had about a seventh-grade education. He was doing a man's work when he was eight years old. He went into the mines because that's where the money was. It took him years to get on the black lung program. He'd go from doctor to doctor. He got a congressman here to help him. I was with him in West Virginia the time the doctor came in and told him he had a bad spot on his lung and it might collapse..." Pause. "I think he just felt that's the way life is." Danny Heater's father once had a car. But he got in a wreck. The judge said it was his fault. The bill was $100. John Curry could never make the money. They took his license. The family didn't ride again. The West Virginia Heaters lived all over Burnsville -- five places, at least, in a town that barely had 700. "I had no one to play football with, so I played football with myself -- an old oatmeal box. I'd throw it in the air and catch it and tackle myself. Never lost, neither." The belly rumbles. He has large hands, which look out of place. He's wearing a red polo shirt and blue suspenders, a pair of plain black shoes. His voice, tenor-range, sounds faintly Elizabethan, which is of course how Anglo-Saxon people with their mountains in their bones often sound, no matter where they are domiciled. For a while growing up, Danny's family lived over top of Marple's Department Store. Wasn't much of a department store. It burned, as overcrammed and poorly made structures do. Danny's mother was in the apartment that noonday. "She got out with her bathrobe," says the son. They lost everything they had. Danny was at school. He ran home, wild. He thought his mama and his older sister Carolyn were still inside, but actually they were across the street, safe. John Curry had come home that day to announce he'd just been furloughed by the mine bosses. These West Virginia stories hard, laconic, almost bloodlessly delivered -- have been going on. What hasn't been going on is much talk about the night of nights, Jan. 26, 1960. Why? Danny seems to be studiously avoiding mention of what came after, at the University of Richmond, when he got the ticket to ride, when some basketball aesthetes must have figured him for the noble savage straight up out of the West-by-God-Virginny hills. No, he doesn't seem much inclined toward Jan. 26, 1960, and the aftermath, but at one point today he does say sort of short-bouncing it in, "I mean, when your parents have zero, when there's no money at all, you've got to go home and help. Don't you?" It's so hard to picture the bony brush-topped boy. It's so hard to figure the 135 points. You turn to his children. What kind of a father is he? Kevin: "The best. When I look at my other friends' homes -- Tracy: "They may have more money but none of them have more love." Danny's wife Carol: "These are the only high school kids in the whole state of Maryland who had to be in bed at 9 o'clock." Danny: "We're in somewhat the same position with Tracy and Kevin as my folks were with me. We can't afford college. That hurts." Tracy Heater wrote a moving essay. She called it 'Dad.' She talked of a former basketball player, his hair not yet gray, his skin aged from hard work. He was a strong man, but nothing could break him. "... He would work double time just to get that little extra money for a birthday present. He sacrificed his health for the well being of others." As Though In a Dream The mythography of it. The word "spree" doesn't seem to cover it. Consider. The most anybody ever got in the pro game was a cool 100. That's the NBA record. And that guy's name is Wilt Chamberlain. And the most anybody ever got in college was 113. He's an obscure-famous American name, Bevo Francis. About 200 were said to have witnessed Danny. The crowd was ganged four and five deep in the stairwells; was pressed against the sweating concrete wall; was leaning down from the balcony, which really wasn't a balcony at all, just an open hallway leading to classrooms. One reason schoolboy basketball is king in West Virginia is because all you need for a team is six kids with short pants and T-shirts; five firsties and a sub. The high schools in the state are historically that small and poor. Danny Heater is in the Guinness Book of World Records, though it should be said the Guinness list also stipulates in 1924 a Maryland schoolgirl named Marie Boyd got 156 in points in a single game. But that was six-person basketball and, really, a different game. Basketball statisticians agree that the "modern era" of the game began with the 1938-1939 season, which was the first without the jump after each goal scored. Danny couldn't get off the floor that night. His sister Carolyn kept trying to hoist him up. Afterward they all went to the Spot and had a Coke. It was as if he was in a dream. He got into his house about 10:30. Beulah was weeping and laughing and bounding up and down at the same time. The next night, in a game against Tanner High, Danny sprained his ankle. He came down off a jump ball and stood flat-footed and did a freak twist. He played only 10 minutes but he got 21. Limped around on the ankle too long. The following week the scouts from West Virginia University rode in. Danny knew that someone from Morgantown, then one of the great basketball institutions in the nation, was in his little gym, watching him. A six-footer didn't leap well. His ankle hurt. Everything seemed a beat off. Still, he hit for 27, it wasn't that he was awful. Afterward, standing courtside, a WVU scout spoke to him for maybe two minutes. "Good shot you got there, son," he said. The scouts never came back. "Boy was slow," the WVU men later opined to Danny's coach. In a Coal-Haunted Place Braxton County -- you knew it before you came. House trailers stuck into ridges. The Little Kanawha the color of dirty nickels. Half-going mom-and-pop coal operations. Millions of leafless trees. Mare's tails of smoke curling up from chimneys hidden in folds. And these signs: "Dusk Camp Road," "Somewhere Else Bar," "Ratliff's Hairport," "Bibles Books Monuments Custom Upholstery." The way to get to Danny Heater's home ground is to slash down from Morgantown on the interstate. You sail the ridge along the spine of the mountains. When Danny Heater was living in Braxton County, it used to take 5-1/2 hours to get to Charleston, 3-1/2 to get to Clarksburg. Now you can get to the first via I-79 inside an hour and a quarter, and to the second in a flat 39 minutes. Appalachia grows smaller, though in other ways it's more or less the same. Danny isn't along this trip. Was going to go but then backed out. No amount of coaxing and cajoling. The reasons must be complex but some of it is now becoming clear: The burden of the name, at least down here, is still huge. On the phone before the trip, he'd said, "My heart is always there." "Are you Mr. Heater, are you Mr. Heater?" little kids form Burnsville Middle School -- which is what Danny's old school is called now -- are coming up to ask a reporter. Word travels. A man is talking. He has a big haunchy frame and it's in a window-pane suit. His face is heavy and hands are ever heavier. He's got 39 years in secondary ed. His name is Jack Stalnaker. Hasn't coached in a long time, though enough people still called him "Coach." These days he's an assistant principal and athletic director at Braxton County High, which is the consolidated school that swallowed Burnsville and Gassaway and Sutton high schools. It's the only secondary school in the county now. Coach still works out with weights. He'll be retiring soon. Today he's taking time off and wheeling a visitor on dusky roads, pointing out the landmarks, the places where Danny lived, the little shrine in the gym in the basement of the old school. He's fine company. And Danny's old coach says: "He never wanted to show off because he was afraid he wouldn't do it right. He's always been a worrier. In practice, he'd lead on the fast break, he'd dribble between his legs, he'd look the other way and lay it up there. He could knock you down with a chest pass ... But he wouldn't do it in a game. I don't know, just because he didn't want to show off, I've always thought. His own inner self has kept him from . . . " Doesn't finish. In the '60s, Jack Stalnaker left Braxton County. He coached in Warrenton, Va. among other places. Some say he left because the burden of Jan. 26, 1960, got too great on his mind. He doesn't say that. In 1973 he came back. West Virginia was in him. Once, when he was living in Fauquier County and going through National Airport, Stalnaker ran into, yep, Danny Heater. There was Danny, taking tickets at a gate. Worlds had flowed on underneath them. Danny let out a whoop and put Coach in the VIP lounge, just couldn't do enough for him. "There was no way he could go to college," Stalnaker is saying. "Yes, yes, some people have said it was the most damn fool thing I ever did. I told them before the game 'I'll never ask you boys to do this again.' This is the only time in 18 years of coaching I ever asked anybody to do this. See, we weren't getting any coverage. We'd had two good seasons. It was just frustrating. Danny had the most talent. I knew he was gifted. If only I could get it out of him -- that was what I was thinking." Then, "In a sense, he's my greatest coaching failure." Then: "He just wanted to be one of the boys, that's all he ever wanted to be, you know." At Danny's old school, Miss Laura Belle Crutchfield, inspirer, hugs Coach. This school goes back to the teens of the century. Laura Belle Crutchfield not only taught Danny Heater senior English and advised the yearbook and sold tickets to generations of Burnsville games, she even taught Jack Stalnaker senior English. Miss Crutchfield was drumming Shakespeare into Braxton County boys when World War II was on. She's old now and quite beautiful and still talks with precise, wondrous articulation. "The soul is the eternal jewel," she used to tell her charges. "It's the only thing that really lasts." Now she says, "I remember looking down on him. He was so white. I recall at the end of the game there was such a complete silence. What I remember about the boy is the ready smile. He always threw up his hand whenever I drove by or would see him on the road to school." She turns to Coach. "I think it rested very heavily on him. I'd see him after that and he seemed in such a deep study." Resolutions Fingers drumming on a can of Coke. A man is sitting in a pilot lounge. His tie is down, his sock is down. His skin looks prematurely old. He's been at work since 5:30 this morning. To get up at 3:45 a.m., this man has to tell his family good night at 8:30 or 9 o'clock. "It's so hard to leave them sitting there watching television," he says. A few minutes ago, Danny Heater's boss said: "He goes out of his way to help people. He always makes it easier for me when he's on my shift. I'm grateful for him. I don't know any other like him. I've seen him do things for people who are stranded or worried that I couldn't ever describe to you. And he won't talk about his basketball history unless you bring it up," Bill Galanis, lead passenger agent for Pan Am at National Airport, said this out of Danny's earshot. Danny circling round once more to the night of nights, but now somehow able to talk a little more openly: "I was embarrassed, yes, I was embarrassed. And after the game I felt it terribly when they came over to shake. What could you say, 'I'm sorry'? That didn't seem right." The difference between all you feel inside and what you're supposed to feel outside. Of course he's proud of that night, will always be proud, but it's a complicated kind of proud. Two weeks have passed. The reporter has learned many things, but in another way all of his knowledge is bringing him closer to his ignorance. Turns out the scholarship to the University of Richmond was less a scholarship than a charity tuition-and-housing ride provided by a retired Virginia state senator. Jack Stalnaker had worked so hard to get Danny a grant-in-aid. Surely some big school or other would see the light of day and help develop this boy the way no country coach ever could. Letters came to Burnsville, but no hard offers. Had word gotten around that what happened was a fluke performance by some mountain kid who was better than average, yes, but still would never cut it at university ball? The deal was sealed for Richmond. Fairly big ball, through hardly Morgantown or UCLA or Ohio State. The senator's grant didn't begin til the second semester. The boy was taken to the bus station. Cousin Jake Heater drove the family up to the Greyhound in Clarksburg. Beulah pressed her face against the outside glass and bawled. Danny was bawling inside. He bawled for the eight hours of that trip out of the mountains. "I had a suitcase. But I didn't know enough to check it. I carried it on, trying to get past everybody to the back of the bus." He was wearing two coats. Somebody had given him the coats before he left and he'd be damned if he was going to lose one of them. "I guess terror's the word. I was really frightened. Didn't know anybody, getting there late. It was the loneliest feeling I ever had in my life. Cold gray West Virginia January day." Why did you go at all? "I wanted to try it. I had to try it. I think even in the back of my mind, I knew it wasn't going to work." They made fun of his accent, they gave him a uniform three sizes too big. Hey, hey, another Zeke from Cabin Creek. The frosh coach tried to be helpful. They put him in a sports dorm with another jock. He could barely talk to that no-necked guy. He got in a few basketball games, scored a few points. But the freshman team seemed a unit -- and he was the rube who'd just arrived. His classes were even worse. "I didn't know basic things like Room 201 means a classroom on the second floor. I wasn't stupid, I was just naive." The ex-state senator, who was supporting several promising out of-state athletes, invited them all to his house. Danny had one pair of pants. He took a nap before he went. He thought it might ease his nervousness. He woke up late and his pants were badly wrinkled. He didn't have an iron. At the state senator's mansion, maids and butlers appeared whenever a bell tinkled. Danny was so nervous he couldn't pick up a fork. And down in Braxton county John Curry couldn't get work. Softly: "I think overwhelming guilt feelings and homesickness just drove me home." And then: "I guess I felt I had to live up to someone else's expectations. I guess I felt I represented the whole of Central West Virginia." But wasn't there an automobile accident that summer before school? Right out: "That's been built up. I've been a part of it. It wasn't much, really." A fire? "The year before." Has it ever seemed to you that you were perhaps used -- have you ever been angry at Jack Stalnaker over all this? "No! No. If anything, the other direction. 'Cause he did it for me." So he came on home, bus back to Clarksburg. He worked for a home improvement company, he worked in hayfields for 25 cents an hour, anything he could get, gave the money to his folks. About a year later he went back to the city, not to Richmond, but to Washington, D. C., not as an athlete but as a messenger boy at the FBI. And he's in the city yet. The late Irwin Shaw once wrote a great short story titled "The 80-Yard Run." It's about a college football player named Christian Darling who, just once, in practice breaks away for a stunning open-field sprint, eluding enemy tacklers, but whose life, almost from that instant starts traveling downward. Fifteen years after his rush of glory, Christian Darling is the guy who "went down to the nearest bar and had five drinks off to himself in a corner before his money ran out." And that isn't even close to the ballad of Danny Heater. This is a life that has been lived with grace, for all its pain. For all its triumph too. Shortly before Christmas this year Danny opened the Washington Post and saw a little stat box on his long ago achievement. It had just popped into the paper, as it is wont to pop sporadically into papers around the country. Danny was at work that day. On break he called his son. "Hey, Kev," he said, sneaky and proud, "take a look in the paper at your old man." Phil Toth, http://users.exis.net/~lerman5/, a reader of this page, sent this e-mail: I had the chance to play in a game in that gym, in 1970. It was after Burnsville High had become part of Braxton County High. I was with the Tanner (Gilmer County) Jr. High Bulldogs. I don't recall the score, but we must have gotten beat pretty badly, since I was allowed into the game. The gym was so small that you had to alter the arch on your jump shot. A normally arching ball would hit the ceiling, resulting in a whistle for "out of bounds." The court was shorter than regulation, so the foul line on the opposite end of play was the "over and back" line. I'm surprised that they got 200 people in for that game. It didn't seem like it was that big. Dawn Jones Morrison, a reader of this page, sent this message: I certainly enjoyed the article about Danny Heater. I attended Burnsville School for 12 years. The elementary, junior, and high schools were all in the same building - that's how small it was. I remember seeing Danny around school, though he was a few years ahead of me. He was a tall, lanky, very quiet kid, but he always had a smile on his face - a shy smile. I remember Coach Stanaker as well. In fact, he worked in a furniture store in Sutton during the summers and we bought some furniture from him. He, too, was a big, gentle person. Your article bought back alot of memories of that old school, and I thank you for that. Keep up the great work and the wonderful homepage. Basketball Record to Be Recorded by Film Projects This Associated Press article was distributed on Sept. 20, 1999. By JOHN RABY Associated Press Writer CHARLESTON, W. Va. (AP) -- Danny Heater's voice fills with enthusiasm as he talks about two film projects that will chronicle his life, his native Braxton County and the night he set the basketball world on its ear. Heater scored 135 points in one game in 1960 for Burnsville High School, accomplishing what no player -- NBA, college or high school -- had ever done. As a shy youth four decades ago, Heater struggled with his coach's wish to break the existing state record of 74 points. Now, Heater doesn't mind the attention. "It's about time to get some good publicity. The state's caught hell for a long time," he said. Projects by two Washington, D. C.-area residents are in the works. Diane Wiltjer has purchased the creative rights to Heater's story and plans to make a made-for-television movie or a full-length feature film. Kevin Downs, a screen writing and film directing professor at Georgetown University, is about 70 percent finished with a documentary for public television. Downs started his project after reading a 1992 newspaper account of Heater, now a ticket agent at Ronald Reagan National Airport near Washington, D. C. The documentary will feature Heater and life in a rural town before the days of school consolidation, interstate highways and MTV. It includes interviews with Heater and his coach, Jack Stalnaker. "Even though a game of basketball sets the conflict in motion, it's truly a family drama," Downs said. Stalnaker wanted to call attention to his team, which had won all but one of its games that season yet hadn't received any publicity or notice from college scouts. He also wanted to do something for Heater, the team's leading scorer and the son of an unemployed coal miner who couldn't afford college tuition. "Before the game, he told us that he'd never asked us to do this before and would never ask us to do it again," Heater said. "I didn't want to do it. I told him no. "But as we were warming up, all the guys were coming up to me and telling me, 'Do it, do it."' In the game's first minutes, Heater's reluctance was obvious. He took a pass from a teammate and, instead of shooting, threw the ball to someone else. Stalnaker finally called a time-out to prod Heater into shooting. By halftime, Heater had scored 55 points, mostly on layups. He scored 80 points in the second half to lead Burnsville to a 173-43 victory over Widen High of Clay County. "It was like a dream. I didn't believe it had happened," Heater said. "Even the next day when I saw the headlines, it didn't sink in what I had done. "At that time, we were just planning on breaking the state record, which was 74. We passed that one pretty fast," he said. His performance also overwhelmed him with guilt. "I didn't know what do say. What do you say when you've done that to somebody?" Heater said of the other team. "I was happy and sad at the same time. I was embarrassed. I wasn't raised that way to embarrass people." Heater's accomplishment is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. His record is 35 points more than the highest score ever achieved by an NBA player, Wilt Chamberlain's 100 points. Since footage of the game doesn't exist, the most expensive part of Downs' documentary will be re-creating the contest in a black-and-white, grainy, newsreel format, "so the viewer can have some idea of the feeling he had when that record was taking place," Downs said. "What I'm really looking for now is the resources to take it to a higher level, which includes some scholars who have some insight on rural West Virginia at that time," Downs said. Downs also must cut 18 hours of interviews to about an hour. He still would like to shoot scenes from Burnsville and of memorabilia from the basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Mass. His greatest challenge is finding money to complete the project. "It's just a fantastic story," Downs said. "But so much grant-giving has been cut back with regard to works of public interest such as documentary works. We're competing against people like Ken Burns and filmmakers of that level." Wiltjer, a former English professor, bought the creative rights to Heater's life story. Her husband is an airline pilot who knew Heater as a ticket agent. They didn't know about Heater's feat until reading a newspaper article. "We knew him as Danny, customer service rep. But we didn't know him as a person who had achieved this truly terrific record," Wiltjer said. She said Heater had never mentioned the feat. "He couldn't believe that anyone could care about anything he had accomplished in his life," Wiltjer said. Wiltjer enrolled in Downs' class where she wrote her initial screenplay. The pair considered becoming partners on the project, but decided to do separate works. While most of her 115-page screenplay was written more than five years ago, she has reworked it over the years, Wiltjer said. Wiltjer is looking for an agent to help get a production company interested in the project. "The reality is, I'm not a known entity," she said. 40 Years Later, Single-Game Prep Record of 135 Points Still Stands This article was distributed by the Associated Press on Jan. 22, 2000. BURNSVILLE - Danny Heater just shrugs when asked about the night 40 years ago when he scored 135 points in a high school basketball game. He says he doesn't think about it much anymore. HEL-LO! It was 135 points! A record that still stands! "I was happy and sad at the same time," Heater said when pressed about the game on Jan. 26, 1960, in Burnsville High's basement gym. "I was embarrassed. I wasn't raised that way to embarrass people. I didn't know what to say. "What do you say when you've done that to somebody?" How about this: Play some defense. The Burnsville coach at the time, Jack Stalnaker, still regrets the 173-43 victory over Widen High, despite his good intentions to win a college scholarship for the son of an unemployed coal miner. Stalnaker was a tough coach but had a soft spot for Heater, a shy, clumsy kid who would dribble a ball from class to class and once broke his wrists running into a wall at the gym, which had a court 20 feet shorter than a standard court. Stalnaker came up with the idea before the game to have Heater break the state single-game scoring mark of 74 points. "When the coach told us that, we went out to warm up and I said, 'No, no.' I didn't want to do it," Heater said. "I talked to all the guys and they said, 'Go for it.'" Heater, a 6-foot-1 guard who averaged 27 points a game, scored 50 points, mostly on layups, in the first half for a 75-17 lead. "If I'd shoot and miss and our guy got the rebound, instead of putting it back up, they'd throw it back out to me," he said. Burnsville's full-court press and fastbreak style gave Widen coach Bob Stover fits. "If I hadn't been a young coach and afraid of getting suspended, I would have taken my kids off the floor at halftime," Stover said. "It was a farce." All five Widen starters fouled out. A few hundred spectators attended the game in this town about 80 miles from Charleston, although the gym didn't have seats for them. Something else was missing - Heater 's family. Dad was home sick and Mom decided to stay with him. At halftime, Heater's sister, Carolyn, was summoned from a nearby hangout. She watched him break the state record early in the second half, after which Stalnaker called a timeout to take Heater out of the game. His players had other ideas. "The boys all got up and said, 'Coach, you made a fool out of yourself already,'" Stalnaker said. Some mentioned going for the national record of 120 points. So Heater stayed in. He scored 55 points in the final 10 minutes. Stover and Widen's players were among those who shook hands with him after the game. Stalnaker telephoned a Charleston newspaper and had a tough time trying to convince a reporter of Heater's stats: 53-of-70 from the floor, 29-of-40 from the foul line. He also had 32 rebounds and seven assists. After a few barbs were traded, the paper printed the story which eventually was distributed nationwide. "I must have gotten 50 to 100 telegrams from ships at sea and troops overseas and individuals saying 'how stupid' and 'what the hell kind of a coach is he?'" Stalnaker said. "It's nice to know it did bring some attention to Danny and his teammates. Now that I'm not coaching and retired, I don't have to think about running up the score. I just see it from the angle that I intended, that is to help out a poor kid with an unemployed father." Heater, now 57, never received a scholarship offer. A retired state senator paid his way to attend college in Richmond, Va. But Heater lasted just six weeks before being overcome with homesickness and guilt over his family's economic troubles. He returned to Burnsville and found a job close to home. He eventually moved to Washington, D.C., and for the past 33 years has been an airline ticket clerk. Heater's record, certified by National Federation of State High School Associations, is 35 points more than Wilt Chamberlain's NBA record. Bevo Francis of Division II Rio Grande (Ohio) College holds the collegiate record with 113 points. "I never thought it would last and I didn't think it was that big a deal to begin with," Heater said. "To last 40 years, to me, it's really something." Critical Heat Isn't Surprising to Heater This article appeared in the Charleston Gazette-Mail on Jan. 21, 2001. By MITCH VINGLE THE BOYS basketball coaches of Camden (N.J.) High and Heritage Christian of Cleveland, Texas, caught a lot of heat this past week. Both coaches had - or, more correctly, "allowed" - players to score 100 points in games within hours of each other Tuesday night. The criticism has been sharp. Commentators on ESPN Radio berated the coaches for their lack of sportsmanship. A headline in USA Today read "Coaches hit lows in 100-point games." Writer Jon Saraceno called the coaches "knuckleheads." All of which is justified, says the all-time authority on high-scoring high school basketball games. That's correct. Danny Heater, the Burnsville native who still holds the high school record with 135 points, doesn't mind adding to the heat. During a 32-minute game almost 41 years ago to this day, Heater scored 53 field goals and 29 free throws against Widen. And back on Jan. 26, 1960, like now, there was criticism. "It was leveled at us too," said Heater, who lives in Germantown, Md., where he works as a ticket agent for Delta Airlines. "A couple of papers wrote about it. But we were so small-town that it didn't get very far." Times have changed. On Thursday, you could've heard Bob Ryan of the Boston Globe ripping the aforementioned coaches and referring to Heater's accomplishment. "I got to thinking about it myself," said Heater. "Our coach was trying to get publicity for me. He had a reason. "But this guy in New Jersey just wanted to score 100. There was no purpose. He already had a scholarship. So I don't think it's right." Then Heater paused. "And it probably wasn't right for us either." Heater was referring to Dajuan Wagner, the Camden player who scored 100 in a 157-67 win against Camden County Vo-Tech. Wagner has signed to play with Memphis. Heater's situation was different. "Our school was so small that no one came to watch us play except the local fans," said Heater a few years back. "We were averaging almost 100 points and even the news media wouldn't give us a writeup. So I guess [coach Jack Stalnaker] wanted to get the scouts' attention. He thought the only way to do it was score a lot of points." Heater has served as grand marshal of Burnsville's Memorial Day parade. But he's consistently been uncomfortable with the record. "Whenever I talk about it, I still get embarrassed," Heater said in 1996. "The coach always preached teamwork. My parents always taught it mattered what other people thought of me. So I was concerned the other ballplayers on the team might be upset with me." This week, Heater, now 59, said he's sure those in Widen are still upset at what happened on that 53-foot court. "The only thing I can say," Heater chuckled, "is this sure does stick with you. There had only been 12 boys score 100 until the other day. You'll take guff for a couple weeks. "Then when you're 59, when you've got arthritis in both knees and your back, you'll still get calls."

WE ARE MARSHALL {part 2}

'It's Always With You' For almost 30 years, the loss of 75 people in a plane crash has loomed over this West Virginia town like a mountain. But slowly, Huntington is finding its way into the sun. This article appeared in the Chicago Tribune magazine section on Sept. 5, 1999. By JULIA KELLER I was born with the sound of a railroad whistle in my ears, the mountains at my back and the river at my feet. Everyone in Huntington, W. Va., was born that way because the city was captive to those elements. The coal was spooned out of the West Virginia mountains, heaped into railroad cars, then loaded onto barges and pushed down the Ohio River. Huntington, named for railroad magnate Collis P. Huntington, was the spot where the railroad met the river. If you lived along the Ohio River, as I did, you could stand on the bank and marvel at the great, flat coal barges sliding past like dirty black wafers. At night, their searchlights would sweep the riverbank on each side; there was something thrilling about being frisked by light as you stood on the bank, hoping your mother didn't call you inside too soon. Things are different in Huntington these days. Because the coalfields are no longer thriving, rail traffic has steadily diminished. In the past three decades, Huntington's population has inched back from about 74,000 to some 55,000. The river is still there, of course. The river and a memory. At 7:37 p.m. on Saturday, Nov. 14, 1970, as a cold rain pecked at the ground and a nasty fog rolled in, a chartered jet smashed into a scrabbly field about two miles west of Huntington's Tri-State Airport, some 30 seconds before it would have landed. Everyone aboard was killed instantly. The crash site was a horrific mess of broken bodies, twisted plane parts and burned earth, upon which the chilly rain continued to fall, almost as if nature were trying to propagate the spot anew. Seventy-five people died on that plane, including most members of the Marshall University football team and coaching staff, along with a contingent of prominent Huntington residents who attended all the games, home and away. The plane was returning from Greenville, N. C., where the Marshall Thundering Herd had lost a squeaker to East Carolina University. To this day, the crash retains the dubious distinction of being the biggest sports-related disaster in U. S. history. The victims included 37 players, 12 coaches and university staff members, 5 flight crew members and 21 townspeople. Those deaths left 70 minor children; 18 of those children lost both parents. Six of the dead young men could not be positively identified; their remains, assigned to particular players by process of elimination, are buried in Huntington's Spring Hill Cemetery. To have been born and raised in Huntington, as I was, is to remember the crash, and how the city simply crumpled beneath the collective weight of its sorrow, as any city would. "For the people of Huntington," said Deborah Novak, a Huntington native who is making a documentary about the event, "it's like the Kennedy assassination. Everybody knows where they were and what they were doing when they heard the news." I was watching television that night with my sisters: Cathy, 14, and Lisa, 8. I had turned 13 two weeks earlier. The three of us were sprawled belly-down on the floor, chins cupped snugly in palms, faces angled at the glowing rectangle like planets toward a sun. In the middle of the show there was, unscrolling across the bottom of the screen, an announcement: Plane down at airport. Details to come. The National Transportation Safety Board later would determine that the plane had come in too low for its landing, skimmed some trees whose branches extended into the approach path, and exploded when it hit the ground. Two days after the crash, John Reed, then NTSB chairman, said, "If it hadn't been for those trees, he (the pilot) would probably have made it. It was that close." My father, James Keller, taught mathematics at Marshall. With so many funerals happening simultaneously, Marshall's stunned athletic department was having a difficult time finding enough university representatives to attend them all. My father volunteered to give the eulogy at the funeral of Scottie Lee Reese, a 19-year-old linebacker from Waco, Texas. So my parents loaded Cathy, Lisa and me into our family's blue and white Volkswagen bus and took off for Waco, an approximately 1,000-mile drive from southwestern West Virginia. Scottie's funeral was held a week after the crash at the Tolliver Chapel Missionary Baptist Church. I would like to say that I recall the words my father spoke there, that whatever wisdom and eloquence he summoned for the occasion enabled my 13-year-old soul to swell and grasp the enormity of the Reese family's loss. But all I really can remember is looking around the church at those stricken people and their friends and wondering what they would do next. I meant it literally: What would they do when they went home after the funeral, and the day after that, and the day after that? How would they go on? Almost 30 years after that plane disintegrated in a bleak West Virginia field, I found that I was still wondering. How did those with loved ones on the plane -- the children, parents, siblings and friends of victims -- ever resume their lives? "Sometimes it seems like 30 years ago," said Keith Morehouse, who was 9 when his father died in the crash, "and sometimes it seems like it happened yesterday." Then and now, I wanted to know how people lived with such a loss, with the sudden, permanent demolition of the way they thought their world would be. Where does grief go? Chester Reese is 71 now. He and his wife, Jimi, 72, raised six children in their Waco home: Ronald, Chester Jr., Scottie, William, Dwight and Cheryl. Four of their children went to Prairie View University, just outside Houston, Chester said. Scottie, though, received a football scholarship to a place they'd never heard of: Marshall University. They heard news of the crash from a radio broadcast. "Scottie was a lovable boy. Very intelligent," Chester said. "I'm not saying it because he was my son, but he was good." After nearly 30 years, the pain still is fresh each morning, Chester said, almost as if it renews itself overnight, culling from the darkness new power to hurt. "You don't forget it. You don't. It's something that happened and you can't do anything about it. I have to accept it. "I have my bad moments. I do." He paused. "I get in my car and I ride. I ride out to the cemetery and visit his grave. I have a cry." He paused again, longer this time. "Sometimes I can't talk about it." Jimi, who helps her husband run Chat 'N' Chew, a Waco restaurant they own, said Scottie's favorite hobby was singing with a Huntington gospel group called the Soul Searchers. Asked if he was a good singer, she laughed softly and said, "Well, he thought he was." She described her son as "real friendly. Nobody was a stranger to him." He loved football, loved West Virginia, loved telling the folks back home about his adventures in a faraway place where the terrain was as craggy as Texas was flat, that seemed, in fact, like the exact geographical opposite of the land he knew so well. "I think about him all the time," Jimi said. "Sometimes it seems like he's still around somewhere, like he can't be gone. When it gets round close to that day again, I start to think about it harder. Along about that time of (that) month, it gets pretty heavy. "It ran through my mind the other day, how old he'd be, where he'd be." Indeed, Scottie -- and all of the young men on the Marshall plane -- have now been dead longer than they were alive. Her faith, Jimi indicated, remains a railing she can grasp when she feels as if she might be falling. "I was brought up not to say, 'Why him?' My mother said, 'He was only loaned to you. The Lord wanted him back.' Never question what the Lord does." Cheryl Reese's 's memories of her brother are clear, as clear as the air on a perfect football afternoon in the late fall. She still has the last letter he wrote to her from Huntington. "I remember how he laughed," she said. "And he sure did eat a lot. His favorite was my mom's potato salad." The news of Scottie's death abruptly ended her childhood, Cheryl said. She was 10 years old. "It's just like yesterday to me. It was my wake-up call to life. When I came in the house that night, my mother was crying. I remember getting mad and thinking, 'Who made my mom cry like that? Who's making my mom cry?' " Then they told her what had happened. Cheryl, 39, has always lived close to her parents in Waco. She works for the U. S. Postal Service. Fourteen years ago, she gave birth to twins. The girl, she finally decided, would be named Shayla. The boy's name came easy. She called him Scottie. The first few weeks after the crash, Mary Beth Repasy recalled, she would go to mass every day, come home and lock herself in her bedroom. Then she would scream. Repasy, 76, doesn't scream anymore. The red wound of loss has been cauterized by time. But she remembers her son, Jack Repasy, who died at 20 aboard the Marshall plane, with a clarity that cuts through the fog of the intervening years. He was a big, handsome young man, who looked a bit like former Denver Bronco quarterback John Elway. But it was in receiving, not passing, that Repasy distinguished himself. He was best friends with two other Marshall players, backup quarterback Bobby Harris and offensive guard Mark Andrews, who had grown up in the same neighborhood and graduated, as Repasy did, from Cincinnati Moeller High School, a football powerhouse in Cincinnati. They, too, were large and good-looking, possessing the natural athlete's confident swagger, that casual grace born of physical prowess and an absolute certainty that the world wished them well. They borrowed one another's clothes, wrestled on mattresses thrown on the floor, went fishing, gossiped about girlfriends. They did everything together. On Nov. 14, 1970, they died together. "There was one blessing. They went in a hurry," Mary Beth Repasy said. She has stayed in close touch over the years with Bob and Betty Harris, 75 and 73, and Ruth Andrews, 77, Mark's widowed mother. The families have a mass said each year on Nov. 14 for their lost sons. Bob Harris Sr. and Mary Beth's late husband, John Repasy Sr., did their screaming in another way: They sought answers from the NTSB about the cause of the crash, never satisfied with the answers they were given from bureaucrats who seemed, to a grieving father's way of thinking, to have something to hide. "We were both very angry," Bob said bitterly. The Harrises had driven to North Carolina to watch their son play. They asked him to ride back with them, but he said he needed to be with the team. They heard the news about the crash at a service station on their way home. Right after her son's funeral, Betty went back to work. "I wanted to be busy," she said. "I had to be." She called her boss at the Internal Revenue Service in Cincinnati, though, and told him to ask co-workers not to mention her son, not even to express sympathy. It is only in the last few years, she said, that she has been able to talk at length about Bobby with anyone other than family members. She has six other children. What used to hurt -- remembering Bobby's smile, his laugh, the way he'd effortlessly pick her straight up off the ground, for he was a strong boy -- now brings her a quiet peace. A funeral for the three boys was held at Cincinnati Moeller, site of so many of their athletic triumphs. As was the case for all the crash victims, the caskets were closed. Betty regrets that, even though she knows the reason: The catastrophic nature of the accident had left the bodies scorched and torn. "It makes you never quite believe it," she said. "You think he'll come walking along." Ruth, who has two daughters, agreed. "We never saw Mark. It took so long to imagine him dead. You need to see him dead to accept the fact that he's not coming back." The grief, all agreed with a chorus of nods, never goes away. It advances and retreats, it intensifies to an almost unbearable point and then backs off, but it never leaves. "No," Bob said, shaking his head. "It's always with you." He added, "I didn't cry. I never have. I'm not able to. I wish I could." He was the golden boy. Teddy Shoebridge was handsome and charming, with a big, sly, easy grin. He was a crackerjack athlete, too, a young man who would have had to choose between football and baseball. He was pro material in either sport. Teddy was Marshall's quarterback. He came from Lyndhurst, N. J., a city just outside New York, where they still remember. The scoreboard at the Lyndhurst High School football stadium is named in his honor. "He was a great kid. Just a great kid," said Ernie Salvatore, longtime sports columnist for the Huntington Herald-Dispatch. "He was a star, no doubt about it." Salvatore, 77, knew them all. All the players on the 1970 team, their parents, the statistics, the personalities. It was his job to know: He had covered Marshall sports for 50 years when he retired in 1986. Earlier this year, finding himself with time on his hands -- his wife, Joanne, had died recently -- Salvatore rejoined the newspaper. It was the place he felt most comfortable, his second home. When he thinks about the crash, Salvatore said, among the first pictures that cross his mind are the faces of Teddy's parents, Ted and Yolanda Shoebridge. Of all the parents, they seemed the most devastated, the most shattered, the most inconsolable. Years later, Salvatore recalled, Yolanda still would call him at the office late at night, sobbing into the phone. "What could I say?" Salvatore said quietly. "What could I tell her?" Terry Shoebridge, 40, Teddy's brother, described the family's sorrow this way: "My parents' heart was ripped out on that day and it was never put back." To his brothers Terry and Tommy, 45, who still live in the Lyndhurst area, Teddy was a hero, an idol, practically a god. How could it have been otherwise? In the dining room of the comfortable home that Terry, an accountant, shares with his wife and two young children, the Shoebridges gathered around the table to talk about their lost prince. "I was 17 years old," said Tommy, a big, powerful-looking man who coaches the Lyndhurst High School football team. He was talking about Nov. 14, 1970, the day that changed everything. "I came home and my mother was hysterically crying. My dad was pacing in the yard. I couldn't get a straight answer out of anybody." Yolanda, 73, so frail from cancer that she had to rest between sentences, recalled that her parish priest was the one who arrived to break the news to her and her late husband, Ted Shoebridge Sr. "In 29 years, it seems like yesterday and they're going to tell me all over again. "He was No. 14. He loved 14 and 44, whichever number they would let him have. I see a license plate with 14 or 44 and I think, 'See? He's there. He's telling me he's there.' " Yolanda and her two surviving sons have been interviewed many times about Teddy. When national magazines such as Time and Sports Illustrated or networks such as ESPN present stories about the crash -- usually near the anniversary date, typically pegged to Marshall's surprising new reputation as a football powerhouse -- naturally they head for the quarterback's family. Quarterbacks are always good copy. Quarterbacks are stars. Even in death, it seems, Teddy Shoebridge is the go-to guy. "I don't mind talking about him," Yolanda said, "because I want my son to live on and on. I'm not saying this because I'm his mother, but he was the greatest kid you'd ever want to know." She has never let go. She never will. "My mother lives with this every day of her life," Terry said solemnly, almost in awe. You can talk about closure, you can talk about putting things behind you and getting on with life, but for the Shoebridges, time stopped on Nov. 14, 1970. Almost literally: In the family's garage, where Ted Sr. ran his car repair business, hangs a 1970 calendar. The last date marked off is Nov. 13. The calendar was never changed, never replaced; it hangs there, waiting. Yolanda and Ted Sr., who died of a heart attack two years ago, raised their remaining sons with love and care. But they never got over Teddy's death. Anyone will tell you that, anyone who knows them, including their sons. Yolanda will tell you that herself: Never, never, never, never, never. The word -- an echo in a dark cave -- keeps coming up in her conversations: Never. "I feel bad that I always told him, 'Good things come to good people,' " she said, shaking her head. "That's what I always said." In 1990, she and her husband returned to Huntington for the 20th anniversary of the crash. "I was so glad we went. It was the greatest trip," she said. "It eased the pain some." Grief, said Tommy, does funny things to time. "Teddy was always older than me, always so much wiser. I'm twice his age now. He only lived 20 years. But he'll always be my older brother." Athletes, the good ones, leave vapor trails of memory when they fly by. "Let me tell you about the night when. . . ." "Were you in the bleachers on the day of. . . . " Oddly, or maybe not so oddly, sporting events often are enjoyed more in retrospect than when they're actually happening in front of your eyes. The stories are what matter, the tales, the legends, the passionate retellings. Everybody in Lyndhurst, it seems, has a Teddy Shoebridge story. "They don't forget him," Yolanda said, with a satisfaction that seemed momentarily to lift her up out of her pained hunch. "It's a circle that doesn't end. "I have so many letters that he wrote to me over the years. I keep them in my Bible. I read them when I'm down." The day after Teddy's death, Yolanda went to church. The priest thanked her, she recalled. "He said, 'You showed people you don't hate God.' I don't. If you look and search, you see God is not a mean person." The team that died Nov. 14, 1970, was having a tough year. That made the crash all the more poignant; not only had Marshall lost that day's game with East Carolina, 17-14, but, with the loss, the Thundering Herd had guaranteed itself another losing season. In the previous 17 years, Marshall had enjoyed just three winning seasons. The record in that stretch: 51-113. "Marshall was a poor school with no facilities," said Salvatore, who had complained bitterly in his columns, year after year, about the lousy conditions in which Marshall athletes were forced to play. Fairfield Stadium in Huntington's west end "had been falling apart as far back as 1940, the first time I saw it," Salvatore declared. And nobody had taken a hammer or a paintbrush to the rusting hulk in the ensuing years. West Virginia University, he argued, always had the state legislature's ear; it was the priority. Marshall was the poor cousin, the afterthought. Marshall was the second-place state school in a second-rate state, a state that people made fun of. Still do, in fact. As Salvatore pointed out, however, Marshall's troubles only seemed to strengthen the bond between the city and the university. Townspeople rallied 'round the downtrodden team. "It was a siege mentality." Sick of second-rate status, tired of being ignored, Marshall's coaches started taking shortcuts. In 1969, the Mid-American Conference, in which the university competed, suspended the team indefinitely for more than 100 recruiting violations. The NCAA put Marshall on one-year probation. And then came the crash. In the nearly 30-year span since that black November night, however, a remarkable thing happened: Marshall football has become phenomenally successful. Since 1990, the Herd has been the nation's winningest college football team, with a record of 101-25. It plays in a shiny new stadium. The 1999 team, which opened the season Saturday against Clemson University, was picked in several pre-season polls to win the MAC, which recently readmitted Marshall. That renaissance is the subject of an upcoming documentary film for public television, "Ashes to Glory," by Deborah Novak and her husband, John Witek. "In my heart, I feel this is the greatest sports story ever," declared Novak. "But I don't think this documentary could have been made before now. Only now, 30 years later, are people willing to talk about this. "Everybody has a spin on this story. But it's a story of courage." It is also, of course, a story of change. Dave Wellman, 46, Herald-Dispatch reporter, said, "Used to be, I'd go somewhere in the 1970s, and if I had a Marshall shirt on, people would say, 'Oh, the plane crash.' Now, they say, 'Oh, Randy Moss.' " Moss is the former Marshall receiver, infamous in Huntington for his comment to Sports Illustrated in 1997 that the crash "really wasn't nothing big," now a star with the Minnesota Vikings. Marshall's football success has brought about, perhaps inevitably, less emphasis on the crash. That was then. This is now. And now means, increasingly, sweet victory. Wellman rested an elbow on his desk in a quiet corner of the Herald-Dispatch newsroom. "It was just so long ago," he said. He was a Marshall student when the plane went down. The first few days, he said, were "absolutely gut-wrenching." The city, like the campus, was devastated. Store windows were draped in black. Everything seemed to be happening in slow motion. Then time went by. "Every year, it gets a little less emotional," Wellman said. Keith Morehouse, 38, was one of the six children of Gene Morehouse, the broadcast voice of Marshall athletics, who died in the crash. Keith, sports anchor for WSAZ, a Huntington television station, is the play-by-play man for Marshall football. He was 9 when the plane went down. Over the years, he has been a frequent target for interviewers because his story is so wonderfully symmetrical -- son picks up father's fallen microphone -- but Keith never tires of such intrusions. "Hundreds, both locally and nationally," he said, estimating the number of times he has been asked where he was on the night of the crash. "But I don't mind. For anyone who asks the question, it's the first time they've asked it. They don't know the answer." He and his siblings were watching "The Newlywed Game" that Saturday night, Keith recalled. The phone rang. His mother answered it, shrieked -- and everything changed forever. "I remember my father as being very gentle, really nice. We'd listen to him on the radio, wrapping up the games," Keith said. On the bookshelf behind his chair is a black-and-white portrait of his father: a thin-faced, bespectacled man with a shy, earnest smile. "In some ways, I feel kind of fortunate, as funny as that sounds. We will always remember him in his prime. We never had to see him grow old." His mother, who died in 1989, never really recovered, Keith said. She moved away from Huntington after her youngest child left home, but her memories followed her wherever she went, always ready to tap her on the shoulder. "She worshiped my father. She once told me that if she was in downtown Huntington and she saw him across the street, she'd still get chill bumps." On a beach vacation after graduation from Huntington High School, Keith met a young woman who had just graduated from crosstown rival Huntington East. Her name was Debbie Hagley, a name that instantly resonated for Keith: She was one of six children of Ray and Shirley Hagley, the team physician and his wife who died in the crash. Keith and Debbie, 38, were married a few years later, after both graduated from Marshall. They are the parents of two children. "I don't think about the crash itself," Debbie said, "but once a day, for about a split second, it pops into my mind that I really wish my parents could have seen my kids." She and her siblings were raised by their grandparents. Her grief, Debbie said, has had a discernible trajectory. "It took several years to get to a certain point. But then, it came to a standstill. For the past 10 or 15 years, I've felt the same way. I'm OK with it. I say, 'My parents were killed in the Marshall plane crash,' and I can say it without crying." She paused. "They were 33 when they died. I'm older than that now. Sometimes I think, 'Were they ever really here?' " Several of her friends recently have suffered through the deaths of their parents, Debbie said. "I find myself thinking, 'Well, for me, that's over and done with. I've already been through that.' " Many of the children orphaned by the crash either stayed in Huntington or, after leaving the city, returned. "When you're young," said Kevin Heath, 40, whose parents, Emmett and Elaine Heath, died in the crash, "you think, 'How can I get away from home?' When you're older, you think, 'How can I get back?' " Kevin and his wife moved back to Huntington in 1986 after several years away. At first they were saddened by the memorial service sponsored by Marshall each Nov. 14. A decade ago, however, their daughter Molly was born on Nov. 14. "Now it's a happy day for us, not a sad one," Kevin said. When the phone rang Nov. 14, 1970, Kevin was at home by himself. His sister had just dropped him off, knowing their parents would be there shortly. Kevin answered the phone. The housekeeper for H. D. and Josephine Proctor, his parents' best friends and Kevin's godparents, was hysterical; she apparently forgot to whom she was talking and blurted out that the plane had crashed. Your parents and the Proctors, she told Kevin, are all dead. "I just went and hid in the closet," he said. "They had to come and find me. I'm sure I was in shock." Still, he holds no grudges, bears no one any ill will. "I think I got over it pretty quickly because I was so young," Kevin said, with a shrug in his voice. "My older brother and sisters took care of me. You find out how important family really is." Chuck Landon, 47, says his grief for the crash victims "stays vivid. It was such a staggering experience." In 1970, he was a 19-year-old Marshall junior. He lived in the same dorm as most of the football players. The players were his buddies. He can still see them in his mind's eye, Landon said. He turns a corner these days and thinks, "It's Dennis Blevins! Hey, Dennis!" before he realizes, with a sickening swoop of emotion, that Dennis Blevins is dead, that he died in 1970. "You look in the mirror and you see how you've changed. In your mind, though, they haven't changed at all," said Landon. "Instead of the boys of summer, they're like the eternal boys of fall." Before the crash, he had harbored no journalistic ambitions, but afterward Landon became sports editor of the Parthenon, the student paper. Editor Jeff Nathan had died in the crash. Landon lives in Charleston, W. Va., and writes a sports column for the Charleston Daily Mail. He has been to the crash site twice, seeking some kind of resolution, some elusive closure, for the emotions that assail him. "I keep thinking," he wrote in a 1998 column, "the emptiness and the melancholy will forget to make their annual visit. But each Nov. 14, they arrive again." My father never talked about the crash. On our way home from Waco, my mother rode in the back of the van, and my sisters and I took turns up front, sitting beside my father as he drove those lonesome miles from Texas to West Virginia. When it was my turn, I kept hoping he would discuss the crash with me, because I would have felt so grown-up to talk about such a momentous topic. But he didn't. It was a long and quiet ride. My father died in 1984, at 52, after a brief struggle with lung cancer. Never, in all of the conversations I had with him during the last solemn weeks of his life, did we talk about the crash or, for that matter, about his decision as a young man to remain in Huntington, spurning job offers from other universities throughout the years. Somehow, the two ideas seemed linked in my mind: It was as if my father, like Huntington, could never quite shake the notion that he deserved whatever happened to him, that he was powerless to resist. Indeed, there was a kind of lyrical fatalism in my father, just as there was in West Virginia. He was a brilliant man, a gifted teacher and a troubled soul; he lived too long in the shadow of those mountains, I think, and allowed himself to forget that shadows move according to the position of the sun. They are not permanent. When I return to Huntington to visit his grave, I am struck by how the city has transformed itself since the crash and all the sadness. Yes, the population has fallen; but thanks to a new medical school and overflow from the consolidation of other state schools, Marshall's enrollment has almost doubled, from about 8,500 in 1970 to more than 16,000 today. And there is, of course, that marvelous football team, the one in the bright green and white uniforms, the one that wins far more often than it loses. Three decades is a long time, except when it isn't. The question that had pushed me back to the crash -- whither grief? -- ended up pushing me forward. "Look at the night sky," Leon Wieseltier advises in "Kaddish," his 1998 chronicle of the Jewish prayer recited in mourning a loved one. "You are not seeing only the light of the stars. You are also seeing the journey of the light of the stars toward you." I asked about the progress of grief, but I learned about the purpose of memory. I recall quite clearly my thoughts on that Sunday morning after the crash. I tried to imagine the scene inside the plane just before it hit. Who was sitting where? Who was talking to whom? Who was thinking what? A plane burrowing through the night sky had always seemed to me -- a kid whose first flight lay some 10 years in the future -- like a wonderfully snug place, a capsule that would enfold you like the warm palm of a cupped hand. I had a picture in my mind of the passengers sitting in pairs on each side of the long, low-ceilinged row, and I could almost hear the wisecracks and the big, booming laughs, could feel the elbow in my own ribs when somebody asked his seatmate if he'd heard what that guy three rows up there had just said, wasn't that a hoot, can you believe he really said that? I could see the pilot and co-pilot, calmly efficient in their seats, facing a control panel decked out with lights and dials and switches, peering through the rain and fog for a glimpse of -- yes, there they are -- the lights of Tri-State Airport. That was where my imagination always faltered. I did not, could not, envision the crash. I was not interested in the crash itself, only in the moment just before. Who was laughing, who sleeping, who thinking about his girlfriend or combing his hair? Who was coughing? Who was looking out at the river? Because it has been almost 30 years since that night, the serrated edge of grief has been, for most of those who had loved ones on the plane, rubbed by time into a smooth object. It doesn't draw blood anymore. They can carry it around with them now. They can touch it at odd moments. They can touch it in much the same way that, perhaps 40 years ago, some might have brushed a young son's sleeping face with their fingertips, wondering what kind of man he would grow up to be, how many children he might have, what special destiny awaited him just down the road.

WE ARE MARSHALL {part 1 }

Contemporary News Accounts of the Marshall University Football Team Tragedy See also: * The 1970 Marshall Football Team Crash * The Marshall Plane Crash A tribute to the 75 who lost their lives * November 14, 1970 Radio Network Newscasts These are MP3 files averaging about 500 KB: cbs_marshall1.mp3, cbs_marshall2.mp3, cbs_marshall3.mp3, mutual_marshall.mp3, UPI State Broadcast Wire, Nov. 14, 1970 CWR21 URGENT (HUNTINGTON)--A DC-8 PASSENGER PLANE IS DOWN NEAR HUNTINGTON'S TRI-STATE AIRPORT THIS EVENING. AUTHORITIES SAY THE WRECKAGE HAS BEEN LOCATED SOMEWHERE NEAR THE AREA OF WHERE THE INTERSTATE 64 BRIDGE CROSSES THE BIG SANDY RIVER OUTSIDE OF HUNTINGTON...ABOUT A MILE-AND-ONE-HALF FROM THE AIRPORT. THERE IS STILL NO WORD ON POSSIBLE INJURIES. (MORE) FM844PES 11/14... UPI State Broadcast Wire, Nov. 15, 1970 CWR1 FIRST WEST VIRGINIA NEWS SUMMARY -0- HERE IS NEWS OF WEST VIRGINIA FROM UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL: (HUNTINGTON) -- A CHARTERED AIRLINER CARRYING 75 PERSONS... INCLUDING THE MARSHALL UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL TEAM, MEMBERS OF ITS COACHING STAFF AND SUPPORTERS, SOME OF THEM FEARED TO BE PROMINENT HUNTINGTON AREA PERSONS...CRASHED AND BURNED IN A LIGHT FOG AND RAIN LAST NIGHT NEAR HUNTINGTON'S TRI-STATE AIRPORT. POLICE, AIRPORT AND UNIVERSITY OFFICIALS SAY THERE APPARENTLY WERE NO SURVIVORS. THE CRASH OCCURRED AT ABOUT 7-40 P-M JUST SHORT OF THE AIRPORT RUNWAY. THE PLANE WAS RETURNING THE TEAM FROM NORTH CAROLINA FOLLOWING YESTERDAY'S GAME WITH EAST CAROLINA. --NATIONAL GUARDSMEN, STATE POLICE AND VOLUNTEER FIREMEN HAVE BEGUN THE GRIM TASK OF REMOVING THOSE BODIES STREWN ABOUT THE WRECKAGE FROM THE SCENE. THE BODIES ARE BEING CARRIED IN PLASTIC BAGS AND ARE BEING PLACED IN NATIONAL GUARD TROOP CONVOY TRUCKS...WHERE THEY WILL BE TAKEN TO THE NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY WHERE A CRACK TEAM OF IDENTIFICATION EXPERTS WILL BEGIN THE TEDIOUS PROCESS OF ATTEMPTING TO IDENTIFY THE VICTIMS. PARTS OF THE PLANE IN THE SURROUNDING HEAVILY WOODED AREA STILL ARE BURNING FOUR HOURS AFTER THE CRASH OCCURRED. SPECTATORS HAVE LINED STATE ROUTE 75 AND ARE STANDING IN A LIGHT DRIZZLE LOOKING DOWN ON THE WOODED VALLEY AREA WHERE THE PLANE CRASHED. THE MAIN FUSELAGE CAN BE SEEN FROM THE HIGHWAY. A COCKPIT, HOWEVER, IS LOCATED BEHIND THE MAIN SECTION OF THE PLANE. --A FEW MARSHALL STUDENTS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN PENETRATING POLICE BARRIERS TO GET TO THE SCENE. ONE STUDENT COMMENTED--QUOTE-- "ALL THE TROUBLE THIS SCHOOL HAS BEEN THROUGH, AND NOW THIS." GOVERNOR MOORE REMAINED AT THE SCENE FOR ABOUT 45 MINUTES AND THEN LEFT FOR THE AIRPORT WHERE FAMILIES AND RELATIVES OF THOSE ON BOARD GATHERED. STATE POLICE HAVE BARRICADED THE CRASH SITE AND HAVE PREPARED IT FOR THE TEAM OF FEDERAL INVESTIGATORS TO BEGIN THEIR PROBE INTO THE CRASH. UPI National Broadcast Wire, Nov. 15, 1970 043 UPR SECOND WORLD NEWS ROUNDUP -0- (SUMMARY) TWO STORIES OF DEATH ... MORE ON THOSE KHRUSHCHEV MEMOIRS ... THE WEATHER HELPS FOREST FIREFIGHTERS IN CALIFORNIA ... AND AN ATHEIST MAY BECOME AN EAGLE SCOUT. THIS DAY'S NEWS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD ... GATHERED BY UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS AROUND THE GLOBE. -0- (PLANE) NORMAN BENJAMIN AND FOUR OF HIS FRIENDS WERE JUST GOING OUT FROM THEIR DORMITORY AT MARSHALL UNIVERSITY. THEN CAME THE RADIO BULLETIN ... A PLANE HAD CRASHED IN THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS OF WEST VIRGINIA. SHOCK CAME OVER THE ROOM. THEY WERE ALL STUNNED. THEY KNEW THEIR CLASSMATES, FRIENDS -- THEIR FOOTBALL TEAM -- WAS ON BOARD THAT PLANE. AND ALL 75 ARE DEAD. "IT WAS LIKE A BAD DREAM," BENJAMIN RECALLS. "WE JUST HUNG AROUND THE DORM TO SEE IF THEY NEEDED OUR HELP." BUT THERE WAS LITTLE TO DO OR SAY -- JUST MEMORIES. THE CHARTERED SOUTHERN AIRWAYS JET CARRIED THE MARSHALL UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL TEAM AND COACHING STAFF ... PLUS A GROUP OF WEST VIRGINIA STATE LEGISLATORS AND CIVIC LEADERS. AND ALL 75 ARE DEAD. THE PLANE STRUCK A HIGH HILL IN THE FOGGY MOUNTAINS AND SKIDDED DOWN INTO A VALLEY AND EXPLODED IN FLAMES. THE JET BURNED FOR MORE THAN FIVE HOURS DESPITE A HEAVY RAIN -- CHARRING THOSE BODIES INSIDE. MRS. MINNIE RAMEY AND SOME OF HER FRIENDS HEARD AND SAW WHAT HAPPENED ... ONLY 200 FEET FROM THE CRASH SITE NEAR HUNTINGTON, WEST VIRGINIA. MRS. HANEY HEARD THE PLANE AND RACED FOR THE WINDOW. SHE SAYS ... "IT SOUNDED LIKE SOMETHING WENT WRONG WITH THE PLANE. IT SORT OF WHISTLED, AND THEN IT TURNED THE SKY RED. THE WHOLE SKY WAS LIT UP. IT LOOKED LIKE THE PLANE WAS BREAKING APART BEFORE IT HIT." AND ALL 75 PEOPLE ON BOARD ARE DEAD. THE COMMENT OF WEST VIRGINIA GOVERNOR ARCH MORE JUST ABOUT SAYS IT ALL. MOORE'S WORDS ... "I AM TOTALLY CONSUMED. I CAN NEVER UNDERSTAND WHY THESE THINGS HAPPEN" 75 on Football Team Plane Die in West Virginia Crash This is the UPI article which appeared in many U. S. newspapers on Nov. 15, 1970. The headline above is the one which appeared in the New York Times, which used this article. HUNTINGTON, W. Va. -- A chartered airliner, carrying the Marshall University football team and coaching staff and state civic leaders and legislators, crashed and burned in light fog and rain tonight near the Tri-State Airport in the Appalachian Mountains. The authorities said all 75 persons aboard were killed. The plane, a twin-jet DC-9 owned by Southern Airways in Atlanta, was in communication with the airport until just before the crash at about 7:40 P. M., after a 40-minute flight from North Carolina, where the Marshall team played an afternoon game. Control tower officials said that "everything was perfectly normal and there was no indication of trouble." The death toll was the highest this year in an airplane accident in the United States. All of the fatal airliner crashes this year were on charter or non-scheduled flights; none occurred in commercial scheduled flights. It was the nation's third airliner accident -- the second this year -- involving a college football team. Thirty-one persons, including 14 Wichita State University players, were killed last Oct. 2 when their plane crashed in the Colorado Rockies. In 1960, a plane crash in Toledo, Ohio, killed 22 persons, including 16 members of the California State Polytechnic College team. The DC-9, which has twin jets on either side of the tail assembly, can carry 95 passengers. The civic leaders and legislators aboard the plane were members of a boosters' club composed of prominent citizens who helped the football team financially. A spokesman for the university said members of the club who were on the plane included six prominent physicians. The Federal Aviation Administration said the plane carried 70 passengers, a crew of four and a baggage handler. The pilot was making an approach to the airport Runway 11 when the crash occurred about 7:40 P. M., after a 40-minute flight from Kinston, N. C. The Marshall team had played East Carolina College at Greenville, N. C., and lost, 17-14. There was a 300-foot ceiling and visibility was five miles, the aviation agency said. The plane came down about a mile and a half from the airport, near a point where Interstate 64 crosses the Big Sandy River into Kentucky. The Appalachians rise to a height of about 1,000 feet in the area. Mrs. Don Bailey, a resident of the area, said: "I heard the plane overhead. Then it made a funny sound. I went to the back porch and saw a streak of fire and then an explosion. My house shook. Then it seemed like there was nothing but fire in the sky." Mrs. Bailey's husband added, "I don't see how anybody could have gotten out of that plane." Steve Stanley, an air traffic control specialist at the airport, said he was on the field "taking a breather" when the crash occurred. "I saw a large ball of fire, an explosion, about two miles from Runway 11," Mr. Stanley said. Other eyewitnesses reported that the plane struck the top of a hill, skidded down into a valley and exploded. State Trooper W. F. Donohoe, one of nine state policemen at the crash scene, said the wreckage still burned two hours after the crash. A spokesman for Marshall University, which has an enrollment of 9,100, said the plane carried 37 football players, members of the coaching staff, a West Virginia State Assemblyman, a Huntington television station sportscaster and member of the Big Green Boosters Club. The Marshall team's nicknames are Thundering Herd and Big Green. John Ontague, East Carolina's athletic director, said that Marshall's athletic director, Charles Kautz, and the university's head football coach, Rick Tolley, were aboard the plane, which left Kinston at 6:38 P. M. The Marshall team, depleted because of a recent recruiting scandal and Mid-American Conference suspension, opened the season with a 40-man squad. Only about a half-dozen players were from West Virginia. Others were from Florida, Texas, Massachusetts, Ohio and New Jersey. Marshall was placed on probation by the National Collegiate Athletic Association because of recruiting methods and alleged payments to players. The players mentioned in the alleged irregularities dropped out of school or transferred to other schools. The team had three victories and six losses this year. Marshall University, which is located in Huntington in the tri-state region where West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky meet, is more familiar to sports fans for its basketball teams than its football teams. The school was founded in 1837, two years after the death of Chief Justice John Marshall of the United States. Crash Wipes Out MU Grid Team This is part of the AP article which appeared in many U. S. newspapers on Nov. 15, 1970. The headline above is the one which appeared in the Raleigh Register-Beckley Post Herald, which used this article. KENOVA -- A twin-jet Southern Airways DC9 carrying Marshall University's football team, rooters and crew crashed and exploded in flames near here Saturday night, with no apparent survivors, according to State Police and Federal Agency spokesmen. A spokesman for Southern Airways in Atlanta, Ga., said the $3.5 million craft was carrying 70 passengers and a crew of five. They said it was the only plane Marshall had chartered. Witnesses at the scene near this southwestern state community said the plane slammed into the side of a small hill at about 7:40 p.m. and exploded into "a giant ball of fire." State Police said at least 13 bodies were counted outside the burning craft, but flames were too intense to probe the interior of the plane. This was the second plane in less than two months which crashed carrying a football team. On Oct. 2, one of two chartered planes carrying the Wichita State University football team, coaches, boosters and others, crashed in the mountains of Colorado, killing 31 persons -- including 14 football players. Witnesses said they were "rocked" out of their chairs from the concussion of the explosion. John Young, who lives about a half mile from the crash site, said he "heard this loud noise. . .I ran out to see what it was and all I saw was a big ball of fire." "Nobody could have survived that," Young said. Albert Rich, whose house also is about a half mile from the scene, said he first thought the loud noise was lightning. He went out to see. "I heard this one bang and a minute later there was this terrific bang which shook the whole house. I ran outside to see if there was a storm, and I saw this flash over the hill," Rich said. He said the plane skimmed the top of an abandoned house just before it crashed. A light rain hampered rescue efforts, where the site was accessible only by a narrow, dirt road which had turned mostly into mud. [...] U. S. Studies Crash Fatal to 75 in Jet Investigators Report Plane Carrying Marshall Team Was Operated Normally This article appeared in the New York Times on Nov. 16, 1970. One paragraph was inadvertently not copied, indicated by [...]. By JON NORDHEIMER HUNTINGTON, W. Va., Nov. 15 -- A Federal safety official said tonight that the Government's preliminary investigation into the crash last night of a chartered jetliner carrying the Marshall University football team had uncovered no irregularities in the operation and performance of the aircraft. All 75 persons aboard died in the crash. John H. Reed, chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, said at a news conference: "All handling appeared to be routine, all equipment appeared to be functioning normally." According to the Federal authorities, the Southern Airways DC-9 jet apparently hit the top of trees above a ridge and exploded in a thickly wooded hollow while attempting to land at the Tri-State Airport in Kenova, W. Va., in rain and fog. Forty-three of those killed were members and coaches of the Marshall squad, returning from a game with East Carolina University in Greenville, N. C. It was the only trip by air that the team was to have made this season. The other victims of the crash were supporters of the team, mostly from Huntington, and five crew members. Marshall University officials said that six members of the football team, who had injuries form previous games, had not made the trip, in addition to a few active players who were not on the traveling squad. The bodies of the 75 victims were moved today to two temporary morgues, one at a National Guard armory and the other in an airport hangar. And tonight on the Marshall University campus in Huntington, about 7,000 students held a memorial service for the dead. The state school has an enrollment of about 10,000. The mood was somber as friends and relatives of the dead players arrived in town, confused and incredulous. Many coeds wept and some required treatment for shock. A light snow, the first of the season, dusted the tall trees and brick buildings of the state institution, which occupies a four-square-block area near the center of this manufacturing city of 73,000 population. "No one can believe it," said William Dawson as he stood outside the administration building. "No one can believe that all these great boys were wiped out." Mr. Dawson, a 27-year-old former professional football player with the Boston Patriots, was one of two surviving coaches of the team. After yesterday's game, which Marshall lost to East Carolina by a score of 17 to 14, he and the other coach had driven by car to make a recruiting stop in another North Carolina town while the rest of the team flew back to Huntington on the chartered plane. [...] The rash six weeks ago of a leased plane in the Rockies, killing 14 Wichita State University football players, led to an informal review of the Marshall traveling arrangements, but no changes had been considered necessary, according to university officials. At his news conference, Mr. Reed of the National Transportation Safety Board called the crash of the Marshall plane "the worst involving an athletic team in the history of American aviation." Mr. Reed said that last night's accident could not be compared to the Wichita State crash, which occurred Oct. 2, killing 31 persons including the 14 football players. He noted that the Marshall team was aboard a DC-9 jet operated by an established charter airline, while the Wichita players had been aboard a much smaller craft that was chartered by an aircraft leasing concern. The Marshall team usually traveled by bus for games in the three-state region of West Virginia, Kentucky and Ohio. However, one charter flight was made last year, to Michigan, before this weekend's trip. Officials of the Federal Aviation Administration said today that the last radio contact with the Marshall plane, 90 seconds before the crash, was routine and gave no hint of any irregularity. The plane's flight recorder was recovered in the wreckage and the information on altitude and other details were being examined by investigators. It could not immediately be confirmed, but it seemed likely that the Southern Airways crew aboard the DC-9 had never landed before at the Tri-State Airport, which like many airports in the Appalachians, is constructed on the top of a large hill. The crew that landed here on Friday to pick up the team was not the crew that flew them back from Greenville, Southern Airways said. The Tri-State Airport is not equipped with a part of the Instrument Landing System that assists pilots in landing during adverse weather conditions. It gives a pilot his altitude and helps establish his landing path. Airport personnel were operating last night with the "localizer" part of the system, which supplies information on direction and helps aim the plane toward the landing strip, according to Charles Dodrill, president of the Tri-State Airport Authority. The crash occurred at 7:37 P. M. The Federal Aviation Administration had reported weather conditions this way: "Estimated ceiling 500 feet broken; visibility five miles; 1000 feet overcast; light rain, fog and smoke." Scattered clouds were reported at 300 feet. Minimum F. A. A. conditions for landing at Tri-State are a 392-foot ceiling with visibility of three-fourths of a mile, it was reported. Airlines frequently establish higher minimums. The DC-9, piloted by Capt. Frank Abbot of Memphis, who was described by Southern Airways as a senior pilot with more than 20,000 hours of flying time, apparently struck the top of trees above a ridge a mile and a half from the landing strip, according to the F. A. A. The plane nosedived into a small valley and exploded on impact. Today, as investigators studied the charred wreckage, only the two rear-mounted engines of the plane were intact. The rest was rubble strewn in a long, black scar on the earth. One of those killed was Roger Childers, who had been a defensive player on the team last year. He underwent brain surgery last January on what was thought to be a football-connected injury, but which turned out to be a non-malignant tumor. The operation was regarded as a success and he returned to Marshall this semester and worked as the field manager for the football team. Last week, with members of the team attending, he was married. Mr. Childers's wife was once of many relatives who had waited last night in a Huntington hospital for ambulances to bring in survivors of the crash. None came. Some in the aviation industry, mostly pilots, have complained for many years that all airports regulated by the F. A. A. should be required to employ full Instrument Landing System equipment. Officials at the Tri-State Airport said that the installation of "Glide Float" equipment -- the part of the system not used here -- had been considered but never carried out because of problems of financing and the availability of large tracts of unoccupied level land required for the installation. A Quarter-Century After a Terrible Tragedy, Marshall University Has the Winningest Football Team of the 1990s The following article appeared in Time magazine on November 24, 1997, and is reproduced here with permission. By STEVE WULF Even without knowing its significance, a visitor would be mesmerized by the fountain on the campus of Marshall University in Huntington, W.Va. Water flows from the top of 75 strands of steel shaped and forged to look like a gigantic flower. On this particular autumn Saturday morning, the steady trickle is the only sound on a campus that will soon shake with cheers. They love the Thundering Herd in Huntington. Stand anywhere in this Rust Belt, Bible Belt city of 60,000, twirl around, and you will see at least one green-and-white GO HERD sign. Young and old are wearing shirts and hats with the Heisman Trophy symbol and MARSHALL 88 on them--acknowledging the presence among them of wide receiver and Heisman Trophy candidate Randy Moss. Last year the Herd went 15-0 to win the national championship of 1-AA. This year, in its 100th season of college football, Marshall is playing in Division 1 for the first time in a long, long time, and it has a chance to go 11-2 and win the championship of the Mid-American Conference (MAC), the conference that once expelled it. These are great days to be one with the Herd. There is a day, however, that Marshall would like to forget. Last week the water in the fountain was turned off until next spring, the football players gathered for a solemn ceremony, three wreaths were placed at the foot of the fountain, and taps was played one more time. Under a cloudy sky, people close to Marshall recalled Nov. 14, 1970. But then they remember that date on an almost continual basis. As Marshall football coach and former Herd running back Bob Pruett says, "I think I speak for a lot of people when I tell you that on that day, the bottom of my heart fell out." High above James F. Edwards Field, Keith Morehouse, the play-by-play man for the Thundering Herd Network, and color commentator Ulmo ("Sonny") Randle are calling third-quarter action for viewers of Marshall's game with visiting Eastern Michigan University. Actually, the broadcasters are gently chiding Marshall fans for being too quiet. "Seems like a fog of lethargy has fallen on the crowd, Sonny." "They might be spoiled by all this success, Keith. Or else they're worried about turning their clocks back tonight." "First down, Marshall...and there's some polite golf applause ... It wasn't that long ago that these fans would cheer louder for a long incomplete pass." Indeed, Marshall has the winningest football program in America in the '90s. But in the '70s, Marshall's was the losingest team in the nation--22 wins in 10 years. The Herd had one 12-game losing streak and two 10-game losing streaks. A petition was even circulated around campus to drop football. Had Marshall done that, though, the tragedy would have deepened. "Seventy-five people would have died in vain," says Morehouse. On Nov. 14, 1970, Marshall lost a 17-14 heartbreaker at East Carolina--its sixth defeat in nine games. Still, as the players, coaches and boosters boarded the Southern Airways DC-9 in Greenville, N.C., there was the feeling of promise, as well as of escape from the winless seasons of '67 and '68 and a subsequent recruiting scandal that had got Marshall thrown out of the MAC. It was a rainy, windy night, and none of the crew members had ever landed at Tri-State Airport, which is located on a tabletop plateau close to the Kentucky-West Virginia-Ohio border. At 7:42 p.m., as it was about to land, the plane clipped the tops of the trees west of Runway 11 and crashed into an Appalachian hillside with a full load of fuel. Onboard the plane were 37 players, 25 supporters, eight coaches and five crew members. None of them survived the fiery crash, the worst ever involving an American sports team. One of the victims was sportscaster Gene Morehouse, who was also the school's sports-information director and the father of six children. "I was nine years old at the time," says Keith. "All I knew was that I had lost my father. I didn't think about all the doctors and civic leaders and coaches and players, all the other children who lost parents in the crash, all the parents who lost children." The force of the blow to the city of 60,000 and the college of 9,000 was immeasurable. Among those lost in the crash were head coach Rick Tolley and athletic director Charles Kautz, four physicians, a city councilman, a state legislator, a car dealer and several prominent businessmen. And the pain wasn't confined to Huntington alone. Four of the players--including Ted Shoebridge, the starting quarterback, and Arthur Harris Jr., the team's leading rusher and pass receiver--were from northern New Jersey. As fate would have it, Arthur Harris Sr. was also on the plane because he had been offered a seat by assistant coach Deke Brackett. And as fate would have it, assistant coach William ("Red") Dawson was not on the plane. It had been decided that he, along with graduate assistant Gale Parker, would drive back from North Carolina in the car that Dawson had been using for a recruiting trip. Parker and Dawson heard about the crash on the car radio. Keith Morehouse was home watching The Newlywed Game with his mother and his twin sister when the bulletin flashed across the screen. "My mother shrieked and started making frantic phone calls," Keith recalls. "People started coming over, and it was a blur after that." Longtime Huntington residents can tell you without hesitation where they were when they first heard the news--at the drive-in movie theater, in a restaurant, at a dance. Jack Hardin, a police reporter for the Huntington Herald-Dispatch, rushed to the airport not knowing what plane had gone down. When a Baptist minister, who had got to the crash site before him, showed him a wallet and asked him if he knew the name Lionel Theodore Shoebridge Jr., Hardin thought, "Oh, my God." The task of identifying the bodies was both excruciating and excruciatingly slow. A wake was held in Lyndhurst, N.J., for Teddy Shoebridge even before his body was positively identified. Six victims were never identified; today, those six bodies are buried in adjacent graves next to a monument in Spring Hill Cemetery, which overlooks the Marshall campus. The task of rebuilding the football team fell briefly to Dawson, then to new coach Jack Lengyel. Thankfully, a few of the players from the 1970 squad had not made the East Carolina trip because of injuries, and the NCAA gave Marshall special permission to play freshmen. President Richard Nixon sent Lengyel a letter of encouragement, writing, "Friends across the land will be rooting for you, but whatever the season brings, you have already won your greatest victory by putting the 1971 varsity squad on the field." The "Young Thundering Herd," as Lengyel labeled it, did win two games that season, the first a miraculous 15-13 win over Xavier in the second game of the year. But Marshall settled into a perfectly understandable futility after that '71 season. Sonny Randle, the great NFL receiver, arrived in 1979 to breathe fire into the program, and while he did lay the foundation for the future, he left Marshall after winning 12 games and losing 42 in five seasons. In 1984 the team had its first winning season in 20 years, and the Herd hasn't had a losing season since. In 1992 host Marshall defeated Youngstown State, 31-28, to win the Division 1-AA championship. Covering that game for WOWK-TV in Huntington was Keith Morehouse. "I don't think I was consciously trying to follow in my father's footsteps," he says, "but that's the way it turned out." He enrolled at Marshall in the fall of '79 as a broadcast-journalism major and covered the football team for the school newspaper. By then, he had already met his future bride. The summer after his senior year in high school, Keith was in Myrtle Beach, S.C., when he ran into Debbie Hagley, a girl from a different Huntington high school. "I knew immediately who she was because the names of the victims are emblazoned in the minds of all the survivors," says Keith. Her father and mother, Dr. Ray Hagley and Shirley Hagley, were on that plane, and left behind six children. "I didn't have it easy," says Keith, "but she had it much tougher than I did." Bonded by the tragedy, Keith and Debbie Morehouse were married in 1985. They have a 6-year-old son, Lake, who is already an avid Thundering Herd fan. "He's got a football autographed by coach Pruett," says Keith, "and one of those big foam No. 1 hands. Debbie also decorated his room in green-and-white wallpaper." Over lunch at a steak house outside Huntington, some men are talking about Randy Moss, the wonderfully gifted wide receiver whom Marshall inherited after 1) Notre Dame turned him away because of a battery charge, and 2) Florida State kicked him out when he admitted to having smoked marijuana. In the eyes of Marshall boosters, however, Moss's biggest crime is insensitivity. It seems he was quoted earlier this fall as having said the plane crash was "nothing big" to him. "Give him a break," says the tall, impressive-looking man in work clothes. "I'm sure he didn't know what he was saying. People around here don't like the way he wears his hair in braids or the rap music he plays. Heck, I used to get kidded for wearing a crewcut and listening to Hank Williams. 'Course, I wasn't as good a receiver as he was." Red Dawson--the speaker--was pretty good though. And like Moss, he was a blessing to Marshall from Florida State. Dawson arrived in Huntington in 1968 after a brief stint as a tight end for the Boston Patriots. He was an All-America at Florida State, the "other end" down the line from legend Fred Biletnikoff. "Freddy used to say one of the hardest times he was ever hit was when I ran the wrong route and collided with him," says Dawson. "I'm here to tell you, it was Freddy who ran the wrong route." Dawson is president of the successful Red Dawson Construction Co. in Huntington. He loves his work, he loves his family, he loves his golf, he loves West Virginia. "The Old Master's blessed me real good," he says. Some people might disagree. Dawson was handed an almost unbearable burden the night of Nov. 14, 1970. The assistant coach, all of 27 years old, had been with those 75 people that day. But when they boarded the plane, he got into his car. He might have been with them. He might have been spared the pain, the guilt. Red doesn't like to talk about that night. Who would? But he remembers. Here is a man, after all, who casually mentions that the play he called from the press box to beat Xavier in the second game of the '71 season was a "2-13 bootleg screen" from quarterback Reggie Oliver, clear across the field to Terry Gardner. Dawson left the Marshall football program after that season, partly because he could sense that he was reminding others of the tragedy, partly because he wanted to get away from football. "I love this area, so I never thought about moving," he says. "I just got a job with a friend's construction company as a trainee. Basically, it was hard labor, and it was the best thing for me. Took my mind off things." Dawson is not a morose man or one given to introspection. But in an unguarded moment, Red does reveal a little of his anguish. "The worst part," he says, "was trying to tell the parents of players I recruited, people who had welcomed me into their living rooms, how sorry I was that their sons were on that plane." When he says that, his eyes seem to want to cry, but can't. It's as if they're tapped out. From his distant vantage point, Dawson has watched over the 1970 Marshall football family. When the son of one of the crash victims got himself into some trouble a few years back, Dawson became his unofficial guardian. When the parents of Ted Shoebridge came down from Lyndhurst for the induction of their son into the Marshall Hall of Fame in 1990, Dawson was there to meet them at the airport. The last two Marshall coaches, Jim Donnan and Bob Pruett, have made it a point to make Dawson feel welcome. Red was on the sidelines when the Herd won its national championship in '92, and this year Pruett invited him to be the honorary assistant coach for the season opener against West Virginia--the first time the two schools had met since 1923. "We lost 42-31, even though we had the lead after three quarters," says Dawson. "Coach Pruett later said that he let me coach the fourth quarter. But I had a great old time on the sidelines. I was yelling so loud that I thought the referees might penalize me. Never thought I'd be yelling on the sidelines of a Marshall game ever again." At a kitchen table in Lyndhurst, Yolanda Shoebridge presents a pile of newspaper clippings, programs and magazines to a visitor. They all sing the praises of quarterback Ted Shoebridge Jr. "He is a bright, intelligent young man and an excellent playmaker," the 1970 Marshall football program said of the junior quarterback. Indeed, Shoebridge set 18 passing records at Marshall, and his stats compared favorably with other star college quarterbacks at the time--Terry Bradshaw, Joe Theisman, Jim Plunkett, Dan Pastorini. His path seemed headed for the NFL. "He was a great kid," she says. "We'd drive down to Huntington for his games, and he would always be looking for us to arrive. And when we did, he'd run over to us, pick each of us up in his arms and twirl us around. I once said, 'Teddy, aren't you afraid of showing affection in front of your teammates?' and he said, 'Nah, I'm the starting quarterback.'" The Shoebridges didn't travel down to Greenville for the East Carolina game. They watched their second son Thomas play for Lyndhurst High that day, then came home to scan the TV for the Marshall result. "We couldn't figure out why there was no score," Yolanda remembers. "Then came the knock at our door. It was our parish priest." Somebody at Marshall, knowing the Shoebridges were devout Catholics, had asked the priest to deliver the news. Yolanda and Ted Sr., an auto mechanic, had their two other sons to raise: Tom, who became a teacher and track and football coach at Lyndhurst High, and Terry, a former Milwaukee Brewer minor leaguer who is now an accountant. But the loss of Teddy took so much out of them. "People say it gets better over time," says Yolanda, "but it only gets worse. My husband stopped going to church, and for years he refused to go with me to Teddy's gravesite. He bought all of Teddy's game films for $1,200 but then couldn't bear to watch them. The films are still in the basement, unopened." When Marshall decided to induct Ted Jr. into its Hall of Fame in 1990, Yolanda and Ted Sr. flew to Huntington--but only at the urging of their sons. "It was a good thing to do," she says. "Seeing Red Dawson again, talking to people who knew Teddy eased the pain a little." Ted Sr. died last year, and now Yolanda lives with Tom. Their living room is filled with pictures of the whole family, but the most prominent keepsakes are Teddy's old Marshall helmet and an oil painting of a handsome young man in a green No. 14 jersey. During Saturday home games at Lyndhurst High, Yolanda sits under the scoreboard dedicated to her son and watches a quarterback who could have been his son. She goes home and looks for the Marshall score on TV; these days she usually smiles at the result. At bedtime she performs her nightly ritual of reading a Mother's Day card that Ted Jr. once sent her. Hers is a fountain that flows every day, keeping the memory alive.
3000 BC - Adena "Mound Builder" settlements appeared throughout the area. 1607 - first permanent English Colony was established at Jamestown, Virginia. 1669 - John Lederer and companions were first Europeans to see what is now West Virginia. 1673 - Gabriel Arthur accompanied a party of Cherokee or Yuchi Indians to Shawnee country in Ohio by way of a trail through the Kanawha Valley. 1716 - Governor Alexander Spotswood led an expedition of 50 gentlemen to the banks of the Shenandoah River. 1726 - Morgan Morgan was the first white settler at Bunker Hill in Berkeley County. 1727 - German settlers from Pennsylvania established the first permanent settlement at New Mecklensburg (Shepherdstown) in Jefferson County. 1730 - Virginia began to encourage settlement in the western valley of Virginia. 1742 - John P. Salley discovered coal on the Coal River in Kanawha County. 1746 - Thomas, "sixth lord" Fairfax, marked the western boundary of his land grant from the King of England at the corner of Tucker and Grant Counties. This was the first monument erected to mark ownership in the state. 1754-1755 - The French and Indians defeated troops led by Washington and Braddock in the state. 1774 - Battle of Point Pleasant, between forces of Colonel Andrew Lewis and Chief Cornstalk of the Shawnees, resulted in the Treaty of Camp Charlotte formally ending Dunmore’s War. This is considered by some to be the first Battle of the Revolution. 1782 - Last battle of the Revolution was fought at Fort Henry, Wheeling, Ohio County. 1815 - Gas discovered near Charleston, Kanawha County. 1832 - Charles Faulkner of Berkeley County delivers a speech before the Virginia General Assembly denouncing slavery on economic grounds. 1835 - On October 14, three men and one woman were charged with illegally teaching African-Americans to read in Wheeling. This incident was among twelve such cases in Wheeling. 1847 - The Reverend Dr. Henry Ruffner, from Kanawha County, and president of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia, delivered his "Address to the People" on the abolition of slavery for western Virginia for economic reasons. 1859 - John Brown raided the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, in an effort to abolish slavery. 1861 - Counties of western Virginia refused to secede with Virginia and created the Restored Government of Virginia in Wheeling. 1861 - Battle of Philippi - first land battle of the Civil War. 1863 - On January 1, President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in areas of rebellion, but did not apply to states loyal to the Union, including the future state of West Virginia. 1863 - West Virginia became the 35th state (June 20). 1863 - On July 15, the governor of West Virginia approved an act giving African-Americans the same rights to criminal trial as whites. However, Blacks were denied the right to serve on a jury. 1863 - On December 9, the governor approved an act forbidding residency of any slave who entered the state after June 20, 1863. 1865 - On February 3, the governor approved an act abolishing slavery, providing the immediate emancipation of all slaves. 1867 - Storer College, one of the country’s first Black colleges, opened at Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County. 1867 - The West Virginia Legislature ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting full citizenship to African-Americans. 1868 - Only national cemetery in the state was established at Grafton, Taylor County. 1869 - The West Virginia Legislature ratified the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting African-Americans the right to vote. 1873 - Charleston Mayor Snyder and city council appointed Ernest Porterfield as a police officer, the first African-American to receive a public job in Kanawha County and possibly West Virginia. Within one hour, the remainder of the white police force, including the chief, resigned. Rather than ask for Porterfield’s resignation, the mayor hired a new police force. 1881 - The governor approved a bill, allowing all eligible voting citizens, including African-Americans, to be jurors. 1891 - The West Virginia Legislature passed an act establishing the West Virginia Colored Institute at Institute in Kanawha County. Later renamed West Virginia State College, it has become one of the leading Black institutions of public learning in the nation. 1895 - The West Virginia Legislature passed an act establishing the Bluefield Colored Institute, which later became Bluefield State College, Mercer County. 1896 - Voters elected the first African-American to the legislature, Christopher Payne of Fayette County. 1906 - From August 15 - 19, the second meeting of the Niagara Movement convened at Storer College in Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County. Led by W. E. B. DuBois, this movement was the forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). 1920-1921 - Coal wars in an effort to unionize West Virginia coal miners. 1928 - Minnie Buckingham Harper was appointed to the House of Delegates, becoming the first African-American woman to serve in a legislative body in the United States. 1939 - West Virginia State College became the first African-American college in the country to establish a Civilian Pilot Training Program, approved by the Civilian Aeronautics Authority in Washington, DC. 1961 - The West Virginia Human Rights Commission was created by the legislature to fight racism. 1972 - Arnold Miller became the first native West Virginian to head the United Mine Workers (UMW) union. He appointed Levi Daniel president of District 29 in southern West Virginia, the first African-American district president in the history of the UMW. 1984 - Captain Jon A. McBride of Beckley in Raleigh County piloted the Challenger Space Shuttle on its first mission October 5, 1984. 1984 - Fairmont native Mary Lou Retton became the first woman to win a gold medal in gymnastics at the Los Angeles Olympics. She also took home two silver medals, two bronze medals and went on to become an official spokesperson for Wheaties, appearing on several breakfast cereal packages. 1996 - Cecil H. Underwood became the state's oldest governor, having served in the same post in 1957 as the state's youngest governor. 1999 - Homer Hickam, who grew up in the mining town of Coalwood in McDowell County and retired from NASA as a Payload Training Manager for the International Space Station, became a best-selling author with his book" Rocket Boys," upon which the award-winning 1999 motion picture "October Sky" was based. 2001 - Charleston-born composer George Crumb won a Grammy for Best Contemporary Composition. His work "Star-Child" was recorded with West Virginia Symphony Maestro Thomas Conlin conducting. 2002 - Charleston native and George Washington High School graduate Jennifer Garner was awarded a Golden Globe for her performances on ABC's hit television drama "Alias."
West Virginia in the Movies Motion Picture & Television Productions on Location in West Virginia Dozens of feature films – independent and studio – have shot on location in West Virginia, of which a partial list is provided below. 2006, WE ARE MARSHALL, Warner Bros. DIRECTOR: McG CAST: Matthew McConaughey, David Strathairn, Matthew Fox, Anthony Mackie, Ian McShane, Kate Mara, Arlen Escarpeta, Robert Patrick LOCATIONS: Huntington (Cabell County), Ceredo (Wayne County) 2005, BUBBLE, Magnolia Pictures DIRECTOR: Steven Soderberg CAST: Debbie Doebereiner, Dustin James Ashley, Misty Wilkins, Decker Moody LOCATIONS: Parkersburg (Wood County) 2003, WIN A DATE WITH TAD HAMILTON!, DreamWorks LLC DIRECTED BY: Robert Luketic CAST: John Duhamel, Kate Bosworth, Topher Grace, Nathan Lane, Sean Hayes (Fayetteville, Grandview, and along the Kanawha River; Fayette, Raleigh, and Kanawha Counties) www.winadatewithtadhamilton.com 2002, GODS AND GENERALS, Turner Pictures and Warner Bros. DIRECTED BY: Ron Maxwell CAST: Robert Duvall, Jeff Daniels, Stephen Lang (Harper's Ferry and surrounding areas; Jefferson County) 2001, SEVEN TO MIDNIGHT, Sorry Dog Films DIRECTED BY: Scott Martin CAST: Scott A. Martin, Stella Parton, Jim Meredith, Steve McMillion, Amy Fleshman (Charleston; Kanawha County) 2001, CORRECT CHANGE, Down Home Films and Terra Entertainment DIRECTED BY: Mike Lilly CAST: Russ McCubbin, Mollie Brown, Michael Martin, Jonah Lilly (Moundsville and Charleston; Marshall and Kanawha Counties) 2000, MOTHMAN, Mr. Black Productions DIRECTED BY: Douglas TenNapel CAST: Edward Schofield, Douglas Langdale, John Frederick Jones, Jill McLean (Point Pleasant; Mason County) 1997, WHATEVER, Sony Pictures Classics DIRECTED BY: Susan Skoog CAST: Liza Weil, Chad Morgan, Frederic Forrest (Wheeling, Ohio County) 1997, PARDES, Eros International DIRECTED BY: Subhash Ghai CAST: Shahrukh Khan, Amrish Puri, Mahima Chaudhry (in Hindi language; New Vrindaban community and Palace of Gold; Marshall County) 1996, PRIMAL FEAR, Paramount Pictures DIRECTED BY: Gregory Hoblit CAST: Richard Gere, Laura Linney, Edward Norton, Frances McDormand (Greenbrier County) 1995, WHISPERS FROM SPACE DIRECTED BY: Ralph Coon (Weston; Lewis County) 1994, LASSIE, Paramount Pictures DIRECTED BY: Daniel Petrie CAST: Tom Guiry, Helen Slater, Jon Tenney, Brittany Boyd, Frederic Forrest, Richard Farnsworth (Sandstone Falls, Hinton; Summers County) 1994, THE ANTLER BOY DIRECTED BY: Tina Mascara CAST: Dylan Hundley (Fairmont and Monongah; Marion County) 1991, THE DANCING OUTLAW, Public Broadcasting DIRECTED BY: Jacob Young CAST: Wattie Green, Dorsey White, Jerry White, Jesco White, Norma Jean White (documentary; Boone County) 1990, PARADISE PARK, Silver Lake International Pictures DIRECTED BY: Daniel Boyd CAST: Larry Groce, Jeniphur Gurney, John McIntyre, Michael Martin, Jim Wolfe, Gary Brown, Johnny PayCheck (Kanawha County) 1989, STRANGEST DREAMS: INVASION OF THE SPACE PREACHERS, Troma Films DIRECTED BY: Daniel Boyd CAST: Jim Wolfe, Guy Nelson, Eliska Hahn, Gary Brown, Jesse Johnson, John Riggs (Kanawha County) 1986, CHILLERS, Troma Films DIRECTED BY: Daniel Boyd CAST: Jesse Emery, Marjorie Fitzsimmons, Jonathan Wolf, Laurie Pennington (Kanawha County) 1986, MATEWAN, Artisan Entertainment DIRECTED BY: John Sayles CAST: Chris Cooper, James Earl Jones, Mary McDonnell, Will Oldham, David Strathairn (Thurmond, New River Gorge regions; Fayette County) 1985, SWEET DREAMS, TriStar Pictures DIRECTED BY: Karel Reisz CAST: Jessica Lange, Ed Harris, John Goodman (Martinsburg; Berkeley County) 1984, PUDD'NHEAD WILSON, Public Broadcasting DIRECTED BY: Alan Bridges CAST: Lise Hilboldt, Ken Howard, James Pritchett (Harpers Ferry; Jefferson County) 1983, RECKLESS, MGM Entertainment DIRECTED BY: James Foley CAST: Daryl Hannah, Aidan Qiunn (Weirton, Wheeling; Hancock and Ohio Counties) 1978, THE DEER HUNTER, Universal Pictures DIRECTED BY: Michael Cimino CAST: Robert De Niro, John Cazale, John Savage, Christopher Walken, Meryl Streep (Hancock and Brooke Counties) 1975, THE HATFIELDS AND MCCOYS, ABC-TV DIRECTED BY: Clyde Ware CAST: Jack Palance, Steve Forrest, Richard Hatch, James Keach, Robert Carradine, Joe Estevez (southern West Virginia) 1973, WHEN THE LINE GOES THROUGH, All Seasons Video DIRECTED BY: Clyde Ware CAST: Martin Sheen, Tillie Allen, Dick Barton, Vicki Carroll, Davey Davison (north central West Virginia) 1972, NO DRUMS, NO BUGLES, Cinerama Releasing DIRECTED BY: Clyde Ware CAST: Martin Sheen, Davey Davison, Elaine Giftos (north central West Virginia) 1971, FOOLS' PARADE, Columbia Pictures DIRECTED BY: Andrew V. McLaglen CAST: James Stewart, George Kennedy, Anne Baxter (Moundsville; Marshall County) 1969, THE RAIN PEOPLE, American Zoetrope and Warner Bros. DIRECTED BY: Francis Ford Coppola CAST: James Caan, Robert Duvall, Shirley Knight (Clarksburg; Harrison County) 1968, TEEN-AGE STRANGLER, Ajay Film Company DIRECTED BY: Ben Parker CAST: Bill Bloom, John Ensign, Rick Harris, Stacy Smith, Jim Asp, Mickey Banga, John Humphries (Huntington; Cabell County) 1955, THE NIGHT OF THE HUNTER, MGM DIRECTED BY: Charles Laughton CAST: Robert Mitchum, Shelley Winters, Lillian Gish, James Gleason, Peter Graves (Moundsville; Marshall County) 1929, WEST VIRGINIA, THE STATE BEAUTIFUL DIRECTED BY: Ottis Rymer Snodgrass (silent documentary; Gauley Mountain, Huntington, Kenova; Kanawha, Cabell, Wayne Counties) MOTION PICTURE & TELEVISION PRODUCTIONS USING WEST VIRGINIA AS A STORYLINE 2003, DEAR WENDY, Zentropa Entertainment DIRECTED BY: Thomas Vinterberg CAST: Bill Pullman, Jamie Bell, Michael Angarano, Danso Gordon, Novella Nelson, Chris Owen (fictional drama set in small coal mining of WV) 2002, THE MOTHMAN PROPHECIES, Sony Pictures DIRECTED BY: Mark Pellington CAST: Richard Gere, Debra Messing, Will Patton (set in the town of Point Pleasant, Mason County, and based on accounts of strange events with ties to a moth-like creature) (for more info, visit www.pointpleasantwv.org or http://www.wvghosts.com/mothman/) 2001, A BEAUTIFUL MIND, Universal Pictures DIRECTED BY: Ron Howard CAST: Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly, Ed Harris, Christopher Plummer (fact-based account on WV native John Nash, Jr., recipient of 1994 Nobel Peace Price and native of Bluefield, WV) (for more info, visit www.mccvb.com) 1999, OCTOBER SKY, Universal Pictures DIRECTED BY: Joe Johnston CAST: Jake Gyllenhaal, Chris Cooper, Laura Dern, Chris Owen (fact-based account on WV native and author Homer Hickam's book "Rocket Boys") 1998, PATCH ADAMS, Universal Pictures DIRECTED BY: Tom Shadyac CAST: Robin Williams, Daniel London, Monica Potter, Philip Seymour Hoffman (fact-based account on Dr. Hunter "Patch" Adams, a holistic doctor who founded Gesundheit! Institute in Hillsboro, WV) 1987, MATEWAN, Artisan Entertainment DIRECTED BY: John Sayles CAST: Chris Cooper, James Earl Jones, Mary McDonnell, Will Oldham, David Strathairn (fictional story of coal mining and union busting in West Virginia) (filmed entirely in Thurmond, New River Gorge regions; Fayette County, WV) 1986, ACT OF VENGEANCE, Warner Bros. DIRECTED BY: John Mackenzie CAST: Charles Bronson, Ellen Burstyn (fact-based account on the corruption that occurred during the United Mine Workers 1969 presidential elections) 1986, A KILLING AFFAIR, Hemdale Film Corporation DIRECTED BY: David Saperstein CAST: Peter Weller, Kathy Baker, John Glover, Bill Smitrovich (fictional drama) 1973-74, HAWKINS, CBS-TV series DIRECTED BY: Jeff Corey CAST: James Stewart, Strother Martin (main character is attorney based in West Virginia) 1947, THE MILLERSON CASE, Columbia Pictures DIRECTED BY: George Archainbaud CAST: Warner Baxter , Nancy Saunders, Clem Bevans, Griff Barnett (fictional drama) FAMOUS WEST VIRGINIANS IN THE MOTION PICTURE & TELEVISION INDUSTRIES (The listing below includes individuals who were born in West Virginia, grew up and spent a large amount of time in West Virginia, or currently reside in West Virginia. The listing does not identify individuals who are deceased.) Sara Alexander, Wheeling, Ohio County (silent film actress) Tony Anthony, Clarksburg, Harrison County (motion picture producer and actor) Jodi Applegate, Wheeling, Ohio County (broadcast journalist) Karen Austin, Welch, McDowell County (television actress) Walter "Piggy" Barnes, Parkersburg, Wood County (television actor) Charlie Barnett, Bluefield, Mercer County (motion picture and television actor) Robert V. Barron, Charleston, Kanawha County (director, actor, screenwriter) Lina Basquette, Wheeling, Ohio County (silent film actress) John Bradford (real name, Charles Coleman, Jr.), Pratt, Kanawha County (motion picture actor) Jean Carson, Charleston, Kanawha County (television actress) Bernie Casey, Wyco, Wyoming County (motion picture and television actor, director, producer) Ted Cassidy, Philippi, Barbour County (television actor) John Corbett, Wheeling, Ohio County (motion picture and television actor) Dagmar (real name, Virginia Ruth Egnor), Huntington, Cabell County (television actress) Bob Denver, Princeton, Mercer County (television actor) Joyce DeWitt, Wheeling, Ohio County (television actress) Paul Dooley, Parkersburg, Wood County (motion picture and television actor) Brad Dourif, Huntington, Cabell County (motion picture and television actor) Joanne Dru, Logan, Logan County (motion picture actress) Conchata Ferrell, Charleston, Kanawha County (motion picture and television actress) Jennifer Garner, Charleston, Kanawha County (motion picture and television actress) Steve Harvey, Welch, McDowell County (comedian and television actor) Lawrence Kasdan, Morgantown, Monongalia County (motion picture director and screenwriter) Lesli Kay, Charleston, Kanawha County (television actress) Don Knotts, Morgantown, Monongalia County (motion picture and television actor) Pare Lorentz, Clarksburg, Harrison County (motion picture director and producer) Ann Magnuson, Charleston, Kanawha County (motion picture and television actress) Patrick Markey (motion picture producer) Peter Marshall, Huntington, Cabell County (television game show host) Kathy Mattea, Cross Lanes, Kanawha County (musician and motion picture and television actress) Russ McCubbin, Charleston, Kanawha County (motion picture and television actor) Devon Odessa, Parkersburg, Wood County (television actress) Johnny Olson, Lewisburg, Greenbrier County (television game show announcer) Ed Rabel, St. Albans, Kanawha County (television news correspondent) Allie Raye, Parkersburg, Wood County (producer, screenwriter, motion picture and television actress) Soupy Sales, Huntington, Cabell County (comedian and motion picture and television actor) Chris Sarandon, Beckley, Raleigh County (motion picture actor) David Selby, Morgantown, Monongalia County (motion picture and television actor) Robert Tinnell, Fairmont, Marion County (motion picture director) Sam Trammell, Charleston, Kanawha County (motion picture and theater actor) Clyde Ware, West Union, Doddridge County (motion picture director and screenwriter)
The first organized golf club in America is in West Virginia. West Virginia continues that tradition today with 1884 Oakhurst Links in White Sulphur Springs. The border of the state of West Virginia is 1,365 miles flat (as the crow flies). West Virginia’s Memorial Tunnel was the first in the nation to be monitored by television. It opened November 8, 1954. The first rural free mail delivery was started in Charles Town on October 6, 1896, and then spread throughout the United States. West Virginia was the first state to have a sales tax. It became effective July 1, 1921. The first steamboat was launched by James Rumsey in the Potomac River at New Mecklensburg (Shepherdstown) on December 3, 1787. Bailey Brown, the first Union solider killed in the Civil War, died on May 22, 1861, at Fetterman, Taylor County. A naval battle was fought in West Virginia waters during the Civil War. United States Navy armored steamers were actively engaged in the Battle of Buffington Island near Ravenswood on July 19, 1863. On February 14, 1824, at Harpers Ferry, John S. Gallaher published the "Ladies Garland," one of the first papers in the nation devoted mainly to the interests of women. Organ Cave, near Ronceverte, is the third largest cave in the United States and the largest in the state. A variety of the yellow apple, the Golden Delicious, originated in Clay County. The original Grimes Golden Apple Tree was discovered in 1775 near Wellsburg. West Virginia has an mean altitude of 1,500 feet, giving it the highest average altitude east of the Mississippi. The first iron furnace west of the Alleghenies was built by Peter Tarr on Kings Creek in 1794. One of the first suspension bridges in the world was completed in Wheeling in November 1849. Outdoor advertising had its origin in Wheeling about 1908 when the Block Brothers Tobacco Company painted bridges and barns with the wording: "Treat Yourself to the Best, Chew Mail Pouch." Moundsville is the site of the continent’s largest cone-shaped prehistoric burial mound. It is 69 feet high and 900 feet in circumference at the base and was opened on March 19, 1838. The first electric railroad in the world, built as a commercial enterprise, was constructed between Huntington and Guyandotte. The first memorial building to honor World War I veterans was dedicated on May 30, 1923, in Welch. On September 10, 1938, the Mingo Oak, largest and oldest white oak tree in the United States, was declared dead and felled with ceremony. Coal House, the only residence in the world built entirely of coal, is located in White Sulphur Springs. The house was occupied on June 1, 1961. "Paws-Paws," nicknamed the "West Virginia banana," originated in the state and took their name from Paw Paw, Morgan County. The 1500 block of Virginia Street in Charleston is considered the longest city block in the world. Declared a state by President Abraham Lincoln, West Virginia is the only state to be designated by Presidential Proclamation. The world’s largest shipment of matches (20 carloads or 210,000,000 matches) was shipped from Wheeling to Memphis, Tennessee, on August 26, 1933. Daniel Boone made his last survey of Charleston on September 8, 1798. He left the state in 1799. The first white people to go through the New River Gorge and reach the head of Kanawha Falls were Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam on September 17, 1671. William Tompkins used natural gas to evaporate salt brine in 1841, thus becoming the first person in the United States to use natural gas for industrial purposes. The last public hanging in West Virginia was held in Jackson County in December 1897. The first glass plant in West Virginia was at Wellsburg in 1815. The first pottery plant was in Morgantown in 1785. In May 1860, the first well in the state for producing crude oil was drilled at Burning Springs. Stone that was quarried near Hinton was contributed by West Virginia for the Washington Monument and arrived in Washington in February 1885. West Virginia University was established on February 7, 1867 under the name of "Agricultural College of West Virginia." On May 31, 1910, the Supreme Court held that the Maryland-West Virginia boundary was the low-water mark of the south bank of the Potomac River. The first post office in West Virginia was established on June 30, 1792, at Martinsburg. Mother’s Day was first observed at Andrews Church in Grafton on May 10, 1908. The longest steel arch bridge (1,700 feet) in the world is the New River Gorge Bridge. The first spa open to the public was at Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, in 1756 (then, Bath, Virginia). The Christian Church was begun in West Virginia by Alexander Campbell in Bethany. The first free school for African Americans in the entire south opened in Parkersburg in 1862. Mrs. Minnie Buckingham Harper, a member of the House of Delegates by appointment in 1928, was the first African American woman to become a member of a legislative body in the United States. Chester Merriman of Romney was the youngest soldier of World War I, having enlisted at the age of 14. White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, was the first "summer White House." The first brick street in the world was laid in Charleston, West Virginia, on October 23, 1870, on Summers Street, between Kanawha and Virginia Streets.
Famous West Virginians Back To Facts & Trivia A sampling of some of the many famous West Virginians: Booker T. Washington - Black educational leader and the first president of Tuskegee Institute, raised in Malden, Kanawha County. Brad Paisley - Country music star and actor, born in Glen Dale. Brigadier General Charles Yeager, U.S.A.F Retired - first person to fly faster than the speed of sound, was born in Myra, Lincoln County. Carter G. Woodson - educator, author and the father of Black History Month, was raised in Huntington, Cabell County. Cyrus R. Vance - Secretary of State from 1977 to 1980 during the administration of President Jimmy Carter, was born in Clarksburg. Hal Greer - member of the basketball hall of fame, was raised in Huntington, Cabell County. Homer H. Hickam, Jr. - Author of Rocket Boys: A Memoir, the story of his life in the little town of Coalwood, WV that Inspired the #1 Bestseller and Award-Winning Movie October Sky. Jerry West - former professional basketball star of the Los Angeles Lakers, was born in Cabin Creek, Kanawha County. John C. Norman, MD - distinguished surgeon and pioneer in organ transplant techniques, was born in Charleston, Kanawha County. Mary Lou Retton - 1984 Olympic Gold Medal winner in gymnastics is from Fairmont, Marion County. Pearl S. Buck - Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize winning author was born in Hillsboro, Pocahontas County. Sam Snead - world famous golfer, resides in White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County. Samuel W. Starks - Local and national leader of Knights of Pythias fraternal order was raised in Charleston, Kanawha County. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson - born in Clarksburg, Harrison County. The Confederate General’s boyhood home became the first state 4-H Club Camp in the United States. Walter P. Reuther - former president of the United Auto Workers (AFL-CIO), was born in Wheeling, Ohio County.
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