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440072's blog: "My Disability"

created on 09/29/2007  |  http://fubar.com/my-disability/b135346
I got this from Brad's blog, we both have Spina Bifida. BRAD - ©REAL MEN WEAR PINK ™® I.A.R member
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@ fubar What is Spina Bifida? Spina bifida (SB) is a neural tube defect (a disorder involving incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or their protective coverings) caused by the failure of the fetus's spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy. Infants born with SB sometimes have an open lesion on their spine where significant damage to the nerves and spinal cord has occurred. Although the spinal opening can be surgically repaired shortly after birth, the nerve damage is permanent, resulting in varying degrees of paralysis of the lower limbs. Even when there is no lesion present there may be improperly formed or missing vertebrae and accompanying nerve damage. In addition to physical and mobility difficulties, most individuals have some form of learning disability. The three most common types of SB are: myelomeningocele, the severest form, in which the spinal cord and its protective covering (the meninges) protrude from an opening in the spine; meningocele in which the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening; and occulta, the mildest form, in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and covered by a layer of skin. SB may also cause bowel and bladder complications, and many children with SB have hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). this is the one i have myelomeningocele, the severest form, in which the spinal cord and its protective covering (the meninges) protrude from an opening in the spine; meningocele in which the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening SB may also cause bowel and bladder complications, and many children with SB have hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). Hydrocephalus: The Facts What is hydrocephalus? Cerebrospinal fluid or CSF is a watery substance containing proteins, salts and sugars which protect and nourish the brain and spinal cord tissues. Our brains contain four interconnecting cavities called ventricles in which CSF flows. CSF also flows between the surface of the brain and the skull and acts as a cushioning agent for the brain. CSF is continually being produced, and absorbed by the body. When CSF can not circulate properly, excess fluid builds up in the brain causing intracranial pressure. The accumulation of excess fluid in the brain is called hydrocephalus (hydro = water, cephalus = head). What types of hydrocephalus are there? • Obstructive This form, also called non-communicating hydrocephalus, occurs when a blockage in a ventricle restricts the flow of CSF. • Non-obstructive This form, also called communicating hydrocephalus, occurs when CSF is not absorbed properly into the bloodstream. • Normal Pressure This form occurs in old age as a result of a gradual blockage and build up of CSF. Hydrocephalus is also classified as: • Congenital Hydrocephalus is present before birth. • Acquired Hydrocephalus develops after birth, usually as a result of trauma to the brain such as infection, head injury, meningitis or tumors. What are the symptoms? Children and Adults • Headache • Nausea/vomiting • Vision problems • Fever • Irritability/lethargy • Loss of co-ordination • Seizures • Decline in work performance • Personality changes When left untreated hydrocephalus can cause serious brain damage and even death. What causes hydrocephalus? Scientists believe congenital hydrocephalus is a result of both environmental and genetic factors. Acquired hydrocephalus is a result of head trauma. Did you know? • 85 – 90 percent of individuals with spina bifida have hydrocephalus. • The shunt, a small drainage tube, was invented in the 1950s by John Holter, an engineer whose son had hydrocephalus. How is hydrocephalus treated? There is no cure for hydrocephalus. However, the surgical insertion of a shunt can control this condition. A shunt is a long, flexible tube with a one way valve. The most common shunt is the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The excess CSF is redirected using the shunt which is inserted under the skin from the brain to the abdomen. The CSF is absorbed into the bloodstream from the abdomen. Another type of shunt redirects the CSF from the brain to the heart. After shunt insertion, most individuals with hydrocephalus live normal lives with few limitations. Another treatment option is an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Using a miniaturised telescope, a small opening is created in the floor of the brain using a laser. CSF can then naturally flow through this opening. Are there ever complications with the shunt? Individuals with hydrocephalus will have their shunt tubing replaced at least once due to growth. The shunt may also have to be replaced due to various complications. The most common types of complications are: • Obstruction The tubing may become plugged with blood elements, brain fragments, or tumor cells. Scar tissue or other structures may obstruct the ends of the tubing as well. Symptoms of an obstructed shunt are similar to symptoms for hydrocephalus. • Infection or Erosion Infection should be suspected if there is unusual swelling or redness along the shunt tract. • Overdrainage Symptoms of overdrainage are also similar to those of hydrocephalus. A severe headache, which is reduced when lying down, is a common symptom.
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