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Knotty's blog: "Sang's Rants"

created on 04/24/2011  |  http://fubar.com/sang-s-rants/b340719

FAQ's about Torture

Have you ever wondered?

 

Well now you will know…..

 

What is torture?

 

In the Convention Against Torture of 1984, torture is defined as "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity." In ratifying the Convention Against Torture, the United States Senate clearly stated that anything that would constitute cruel, inhuman, or unusual punishment under the U.S. Constitution is prohibited. The U.S. Senate also defined "mental pain" to include "procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or the personality."

 

What are the most common forms of torture?

 

There is no limit to the ways in which perpetrators can inflict physical and/or psychological harm on their victims. Some of more common forms of torture include suspension, beatings, electric shock, asphyxiation, sexual abuse, threats, humiliations, solitary confinement, threats, witnessing the torture of others, sham executions, deprivation of food, water, sleep, among others.

 

The distinction between physical and psychological methods is artificial. For example, sexual torture generally causes both physical and psychological symptoms, even when there has been no physical assault. The following list of torture methods is given to show some of the categories of possible abuse. It is not meant to be used by investigators as a checklist or as a model for listing torture methods in a report. A method-listing approach may be counterproductive, as the entire clinical picture produced by torture is much more than the simple sum of lesions produced by methods on a list. Indeed, experience has shown that when confronted with such a "package-deal" approach to torture, perpetrators often focus on one of the methods and argue about whether that particular method is a form of torture. Torture methods to consider include, but are not limited to:

 

(a) Blunt trauma, such as a punch, kick, slap, whipping, a beating with wires or truncheons or falling down;

 

(b) Positional torture, using suspension, stretching limbs apart, prolonged constraint of movement, forced positioning;

 

(c) Burns with cigarettes, heated instruments, scalding liquid or a caustic substance;

 

(d) Electric shock;

 

(e) Asphyxiation, such as wet and dry methods, drowning, smothering, choking or use of chemicals;

 

(f) Crush injuries, such as smashing fingers or using a heavy roller to injure the thighs or back;

 

(g) Penetrating injuries, such as stab and gunshot wounds, wires under nails;

 

(h) Chemical exposures to salt, chili pepper, gasoline, etc. (in wounds or body cavities);

 

(i) Sexual violence to genitals, molestation, instrumentation, rape;

 

(j) Crush injury or traumatic removal of digits and limbs;

 

(k) Medical amputation of digits or limbs, surgical removal of organs;

 

(l) Pharmacological torture using toxic doses of sedatives, narcoleptics, paralytics, etc.;

 

(m) Conditions of detention, such as a small or overcrowded cell, solitary confinement, unhygienic conditions, no access to toilet facilities, irregular or contaminated food and water, exposure to extremes of temperature, denial of privacy and forced nakedness;

 

(n) Deprivation of normal sensory stimulation, such as sound, light, sense of time, isolation, manipulation of brightness of the cell, abuse of physiological needs, restriction of sleep, food, water, toilet facilities, bathing, motor activities, medical care, social contacts, isolation within prison, loss of contact with the outside world (victims often are kept in isolation in order to prevent bonding and mutual identification and to encourage traumatic bonding with the torturer);

 

(o) Humiliations, such as verbal abuse, performance of humiliating acts;

 

(p) Threats of death, harm to family, further torture, imprisonment, mock executions;

 

(q) Threats of attacks by animals, such as dogs, cats, rats or scorpions;

 

(r) Psychological techniques to break down the individual, including forced betrayals, learned helplessness, exposure to

 

ambiguous situations or contradictory messages;

 

(s) Violation of taboos;

 

(t) Behavioral coercion, such as forced engagement in practices against one's religion (e.g. forcing Muslims to eat pork), forced harm to others through torture or other abuses, forced to destroy property, forced to betray someone placing them at risk for harm

 

(u) Forced to witness torture or atrocities being inflicted on others.

 

What are the effects of torture on its victims?

 

Survivors of torture and/or ill treatment often suffer from a combination of physical and psychological symptoms and disabilities. There may be a wide range of acute and chronic symptoms related to specific forms of physical injury, from pain and swelling to broken bones, irreparable neurological damage, and chronic painful musculoskeletal problems. Torture and/or ill commonly results in long-term psychological symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, marked sleep disturbances and alterations in self-perceptions, not to mention feelings of powerlessness, of fear, guilt and shame...


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